摘要
利用北京城区和近郊区2006—2014年春节期间主要污染物(PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0、SO2、NOX)浓度和气象资料,分析了北京市烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响,并将2014年和近8 a(2006—2013年)平均值进行比较分析。结果表明:春节期间(除夕至十五)烟花爆竹的燃放对空气污染物浓度增加具有较大贡献,自2006年"禁改限"后,近9 a集中燃放期间,PM2.5浓度均出现陡增情况,其中除夕峰值浓度均出现在01:00,初五、正月十五峰值浓度集中在21:00—23:00。除夕夜2012年峰值浓度最高,达1485.6μg·m-3,正月十五2008年峰值浓度最高,达1298.0μg·m-3,初五峰值浓度偏低,2007年最高,为571.5μg·m-3。2014年春节期间的PM2.5、SO2和NOX平均浓度分别为60.5μg·m-3、43.8μg·m-3和45.6 ppb,比近8 a平均值分别下降了20%、41%和58%,除夕夜峰值浓度403.4μg·m-3,比近8 a平均值(768.5μg·m-3)下降了48%。2014年除夕、初五在集中燃放烟花爆竹期间,受小股冷空气影响,有利于污染物的扩散,而元宵节前后,受不利气象条件影响,峰值浓度高于除夕,且颗粒物浓度下降缓慢,造成持续性的污染,表明气象条件直接影响污染物浓度变化。总体来看,2014年春节期间空气污染物浓度下降的主要原因与烟花爆竹燃放量减少、机动车数量减少、春节期间较强冷空气影响直接相关。
Based on concentrations of main pollutants such as PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0,SO2 and NOX and meteorological data during the Spring Festival from 2006 to 2014 in Beijing and its surrounding suburbs,effects of fireworks on air quality were analyzed,and concentrations of pollutants in 2014 and their averages during 2006 to 2013 were com-pared.The results indicate that setting off fireworks increases concentrations of air pollutants during the Spring Fes-tival.PM2.5 concentrations increase sharply during the Spring Festival from 2006 to 2014 after policy of fireworks changes from completely ban to limited control,and the peak value occurs at 0 1：00 of the Spring Festival day, while it is during 2 1：00 to 23：00 in the fifth day after the Spring Festival and the fifteenth day （Lantern Festi-val）.In the Spring Festival eve from 2006 to 2014,the highest concentration is 1485.6 μg·m-3 in 2012;in the Lantern Festival from 2006 to 2014,it is 1298.0 μg·m-3 in 2008;in the fifth day from 2006 to 2014,it is 571.5 μg·m-3 in 2007.Average concentrations of PM2.5,SO2,and NOX are 60.5 μg·m-3,43.8 μg·m-3 and 45.6 ppb during the Spring Festival 2014 respectively,and they decrease by 20%,41% and 20% compared with averages （during 2006 to 2013）.The maximum concentration in the Spring Festival eve is 403.4 μg·m-3 in 2014 and decreases by 48%compared with averages （during 2006 to 20 1 3 ）.It is favorable to pollutants diffusion in the Spring Festival eve and the fifth day after the Spring Festival because of effect of cold air in 2014.However,con-centrations of pollutants are higher in the Lantern Festival than in the Spring Festival because of effect of unfavor-able meteorological conditions in 2014.Meanwhile,particle concentration falls slowly and leads to continuous seri-ous air pollution.It suggests that meteorological conditions directly affect pollutants′concentration.Overall,the main reasons of air pollutant concentration decrease during the Spring Festival in 2014 are reduction of the number of fireworks and motor vehicles as well as strong cold air.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2015年第3期50-55,共6页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
京津冀
长三角及珠三角环境气象预报预警服务系统建设项目资助
关键词
烟花爆竹
污染物
空气质量
气象条件
Fireworks
Air pollutants
Air quality
Meteorological conditions
