摘要
日本分布式热电联产系统大致可分为民用和工业用两大类,其中民用领域的装机台数占据绝对主导地位,而工业领域的装机容量则是民用领域的数倍之多。民用领域所配置的原动机绝大部分为燃气内燃机,而且多数用户配置了多台原动机;耦合太阳能光伏、光热系统是近年来民用分布式热电联产系统的发展趋势;系统容量大多小于用电峰值的30%,多数系统全年运行,大部分系统采用了昼开夜停的运行模式;一半以上的系统综合能源利用效率可达到70%以上,但系统节能率却参差不齐。食品、化学、制药等具有较大稳定热需求的行业是工业热电联产系统的主要应用领域,燃气轮机和燃气内燃机在工业领域均被广泛采用;但就实际运行结果而言,大多没有达到规划设计阶段所设定的预期效果,综合能源利用效率多低于70%。借鉴日本的经验、教训,我国有必要确立科学、合理的分布式能源中长期发展目标,以长期、发展的眼光策划分布式热电联产项目;在工业、民用领域协同推进分布式热电联产系统的应用;以余热的有效利用为前提进行分布式热电联产系统的优化设计;同时要建立分布式热电联产系统的性能评价标准体系,明确评价指标的具体测算方法,建立系统运行数据的实时监测与报告体系。
Japan＇s distributed heat and power co-production systems can basically be divided into two types- for civil use and for industrial use.The civil use sector has the most installed generators,while the industrial sector has the largest installed capacity as a whole,which is multiple times that of the civil sector.Most of the prime motors used in the civil sector are gas internal combustion engines and most users are using mul- tiple prime motors.Coupling solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal systems are the directions of distributed heat and power co-production systems for civil use in recent years.The capacities of most systems are less than 30% of power use peaks and most systems operate throughout the year,with most of the systems operating in the daylight and being turned off during nights.The overall energy utilization rates of more than 50% of the systems are over 70% although the energy efficiencies of these systems vary greatly.Industries with high and stable heat demand ,such as the food,chemical and pharmaceutical industries ,are the main users of in- dustrial heat and power co-production systems.Gas turbines and gas internal combustion engines are widely used in industrial sectors.However,as far as the actual operational results are concerned,most systems do not meet the expected effect set in the planning and design stage,with the overall energy utilization rates of most systems being lower than 70%.From Japan＇s experience and lessons,it is necessary for China to set a scientific and rational mid and long-term distributed energy development objective and plan distributed heat and power co-production projects from a long-term and evolution perspective.China should push the applica- tion of distributed heat and power co-production systems in both the industrial and civil sectors in a har- monious manner and optimize designs of distributed heat and power co-production systems based on an effi- cient use of residual heat.In addition,China should develop a performance assessment standard system for distributed heat and power c0-production systems to specify the method of calculating the assessment indices and also establish a real-time system operation data monitoring and reporting system.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2015年第7期9-14,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71403162)
上海市科委部分地方院校能力建设项目(编号:13160501000)的资助
关键词
分布式热电联产
系统配置
运营实态
能源利用率
节能率
民用
工业
refining industry
processing capacity
refinery utilization rate
overcapacity
local refineries
revamp ing to tap potentials
energy saving and environmental protection
