摘要
与以"去中心化"为根本特征的互联网架构设计相一致,"去国家化"是互联网发展与互联网治理初期的主导声音。然而,最近20多年的互联网治理历程却显示,"没有政府的互联网治理"模式并没有实现,相反,国家在互联网治理中的地位和作用显著提高:全球互联网治理机构中的国家力量上升、以主权国家为单位的国际互联网治理竞争加剧、国家对互联网的监管力度在全球范围内普遍加大。为何国家在互联网治理中的地位未降反升,原因有两点:首先,在互联网商业化背景下,互联网应用范围的迅速扩大引发大量公共问题,以"去国家化"为核心的互联网自治模式失灵,因而需要国家积极干预和应对,而且国家也具备干预和应对的偏好及能力。其次,互联网在近些年来日益安全化,国家间网络安全竞争愈加激烈,网络安全问题上升为一种"存续性威胁"。互联网的安全化为国家采取非常措施来应对网络安全威胁提供了合法性,同时也直接促使国家在互联网治理中的地位和作用大幅提高。
In line with decentralization,the original idea of internet architecture design,non-state-centric governance,was the prevailing view on internet governance.However,as the past twenties years displays,internet governance without states has not become a reality and the role of state has remarkably improved.There is an increase of state power in global regimes of internet governance,an intensification of international competition on internet governance with sovereign states as the central unit and strengthening of worldwide national surveillance on internet activities.The author argues that the improvement of states' role in internet governance can be explained in two ways.Firstly,with the commercialization of internet,a large quantity of public problems resulted from the rapid increase of use of internet,which leads to the failure of self-regulation model of internet governance and generates a requirement of state intervention.Secondly,the cyber-security problem has become an existential threat as the interstate competition on cyber-security intensifies.The securitization of internet provides a legitimate reason for the states to resort to nontraditional measures to cope with cyber threats,which at the same time promotes the improvement of the role of state in internet governance.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第7期107-125,159,共19页
World Economics and Politics
基金
中国财政发展协同创新中心2014年度重大协同创新任务支持项目"应对重大国家安全挑战的国防财政经济能力建设研究"
中央财经大学学科建设专项资金资助项目的阶段性成果
关键词
自治失灵
安全化
互联网治理
网络安全
国家安全
non-state-centric
governance
securitization
internet governance
cybersecurity
ICANN
