摘要
于2014年10月至2015年1月采用样线调查法对黄河三角洲自然保护区秋季迁徙期和越冬期水鸟群落结构进行调查研究,调查共包括8条样线40个观测点。结果表明:(1)秋季迁徙期共记录水鸟6目14科54种,国家I级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种;越冬期共记录水鸟5目7科31种,国家I级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种。(2)2个时期雁形目水鸟种类和数量均占优势,豆雁(Anser fabalis)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、赤膀鸭(Anas strepera)和绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)为优势物种,丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等珍稀水鸟也有一定的种群数量。(3)秋季迁徙期水鸟种数、数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数多于或高于越冬期。(4)5种典型生境之间水鸟种类和数量存在差异,天然水域是水鸟群落的主要分布区。(5)自然生境内的水鸟种数、数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数一般多于或高于人工生境。相似性分析结果表明,自然生境之间水鸟群落结构相似程度高于人工生境。
A systemic survey of community structure of waterfowl in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve（ YRDNR）was conducted during the waterfowl migration and wintering periods from October 2014 to January 2015 using the line transects method. The survey consisted of 8 line transects and 40 observation points. Results show that（ 1） 54 species,6 orders and 14 families of waterfowl were recorded during the autumn migration period,including 5 species under the national grade one priority protection,and 8 species under the national grade two priority protection,while 31 species,5 orders and7 families of waterfowl were recorded during the wintering period,including 1 species under the national grade one priority protection,and 4 species under the national grade two priority protection;（ 2） the waterfowl in the reserve during the two periods was dominantly of Anseriformes（ Anser fabalis,Anas poecilorhyncha,Anas strepera and Anas platyrhynchos）; and waterfowl like Grus japonensis,Ciconia boyciana and Cygnus Cygnus were held to be rare species,but still considerable in population in the reserve;（ 3） in terms of number of species,populations and Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the waterfowl was higher in the autumn migration period than in the wintering period;（ 4） species and population of the waterfowl varied with the habitat,and natural waters were the major waterfowl distribution areas; and（ 5） the waterfowl in natural habitats or natural water areas was much higher in artificial habitats in term of the three indices. Similarity analysis shows that community structure of the waterfowl in natural habitats is higher in similarity than that in the artificial habitats.
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期514-521,共8页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金(41101424
31461143033)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK2011083)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
关键词
黄河三角洲自然保护区
水鸟
群落组成
物种多样性
生境类型
Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve
waterfowl
community structure
species diversity
habitat type
