摘要
【目的】生物炭对水稻产量和养分吸收有良好的作用,本文研究生物炭水洗与否对其效果的影响,为生物炭的高效利用提供支持。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以竹炭和经去离子水冲洗后的竹炭为材料,在不施化肥和配施化肥两种条件下,研究了竹炭和水洗竹炭对水稻土壤理化性质、水稻秸秆和籽粒产量及N、P、K养分吸收的影响。【结果】竹炭经水洗后p H和K含量显著降低,C、N、P、S、Ca、Na和Mg含量,比表面积(BET),总孔容以及平均颗粒大小均没有显著变化。与不施肥对照相比,竹炭和水洗竹炭单施处理均显著提高土壤p H、有机碳、速效钾,且两种处理之间土壤速效钾差异显著;单施竹炭和水洗竹炭分别显著提高水稻秸秆产量12.7%和15.6%,水洗竹炭处理还显著提高水稻籽粒产量15.7%,水洗与不水洗之间没有显著差异;与化肥对照相比,竹炭和水洗竹炭配施化肥均显著提高土壤全氮,水洗竹炭配施化肥还显著提高土壤速效磷;竹炭和水洗竹炭处理分别显著提高水稻秸秆产量18.7%和33.1%,提高水稻籽粒产量16.7%和18.4%。在水稻养分吸收方面,竹炭和水洗竹炭单施显著提高秸秆氮素和钾素的吸收,水洗竹炭单施还显著提高籽粒氮素的吸收,但二者之间差异不显著;与化肥配合施用,竹炭和水洗竹炭均显著提高水稻秸秆和籽粒氮素和钾素的吸收,水洗竹炭显著提高籽粒磷素吸收,且水洗竹炭促进水稻秸秆和籽粒中氮素吸收的效果优于竹炭,但竹炭促进秸秆钾素吸收效果显著优于水洗竹炭,这可能与经水洗后竹炭钾素含量显著降低有关。【结论】竹炭和水洗竹炭单独施用和与肥料配施均可显著提高水稻的产量和对养分的吸收。二者相比,水洗提高了竹炭增加水稻氮素利用率和产量的效果,但降低了其补钾能力。从环保、减氮增效以及节约水资源角度考虑,实际生产中应慎重考虑是否对生物炭进行水洗。
【Objectives】The beneficial effects of biochar on rice yield and nutrient uptake have been reported widely. This research will explore how washing will affect the goodness of biochar,to provide a support for the efficient use of biochar. 【Methods】Bamboo biochar was washed with deionized water in laboratory first. Then,both the washed and un- washed bamboo biochar were used in a pot experiment. Six treatments were setup： no biochar and no fertilizer（ CK）,only bamboo biochar（ B）,washed bamboo biochar（ WB）,only chemical fertilizer（ CKF）,bamboo biochar with fertilizer（ BF）,washed bamboo biochar with fertilizer（ WBF）. The soil chemical and physical properties,rice straw and grain yields and N,P and K uptake were analyzed. 【Results 】 After washing,the p H and K content of the bamboo biochar become lower,while the content of C,N,P,S,Ca,Na andMg,the BET surface area,the total pore volume and average particle size keep unchanged. Whether with fertilizer application or not,the soil organic carbon,p H and available K are significantly improved by the addition of biochar,the effect in increasing soil available K of biochar is significantly better than that of washed biochar. When used individually,the increase in soil total N is similar in biochar of washing and not,the soil available P is significantly increased by the washing. The rice straw yields are significantly increased by 12. 7% with washed biochar and 15. 6% with unwashed ones,and the grain yield significantly increased by 15. 7% with washed biochar,no significantly differences caused by washing. When combined used with chemical fertilizers,the rice straw yields with washed and unwashed biochar treatments are significantly increased by 33. 1% and 18. 7%,and the rice grain yields significantly increased by 18. 4% and 16. 7%,respectively. The N and K uptakes of rice straw and grain are both improved with the two biochar treatments,there are no significant differences between them,and the grain N increase with the washed biochar treatment is significant compared with CK. The effect in improving P absorption of grain is better in washed biochar treatment,but that in K uptake of rice straw is on the contrary,partly due to the substantially decreased K content in the washed biochar. 【Conclusions】The washed bamboo biochar is superior to bamboo biochar for improving N use efficiency and rice yield. But lose some function of K supply. Taking environment protection,reducing nitrogen and saving water resource into account,washing is an alternative way for rice production in bamboo biochar application.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期1049-1055,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金(41301247)
国家公益性行业专项(201303095
201003059)资助
关键词
竹炭
水洗竹炭
秸秆产量
籽粒产量
养分吸收
bamboo biochar
washed bamboo biochar
straw yield
grain yield
nutrient uptake
