摘要
【目的】探讨井窖式小苗移栽方式对重庆烟区烤烟生长和产质量的影响,为该技术在重庆地区的推广及优化当地烤烟移栽技术提供参考。【方法】以常规移栽方式为对照,设置大孔径（10.0 cm）、小孔径（3.5 cm）、中孔径（5.0cm）、不揭膜中孔径和露地中孔径5种井窖式小苗移栽处理,然后对其烟叶生长指标、烤后烟叶化学成分及协调性进行对比分析。【结果】覆膜井窖式小苗移栽处理的烟株生长较快,团棵期、现蕾期、中心花开放期和脚叶成熟期分别比对照提前7-8 d,顶叶成熟期和大田生育期比对照提前6 d,且烟株长势强,烤后烟叶产质量均优于常规移栽方式。不同孔径处理移栽效果存在差异,其中以中孔径井窖式小苗移栽处理的效果最佳,烟叶产量为2833.5 kg/ha,产值为52136.4元/ha,上中等烟率为87.5%,化学成分协调性评价分值为95.0分。团棵后揭膜处理在促进烟株生长和提高烟叶产质量方面比不揭膜处理效果好。露地井窖式小苗移栽方式效果最差。【结论】重庆烟区井窖式小苗移栽方式优于常规移栽法,最优技术方案为井窖孔径5.0 cm,起垄覆膜,并在团棵期后进行揭膜、中耕、培土。
【Obiective】The effects of seedlings transplanting models in well cellar on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Chongqing tobacco-growing areas were investigated in order to provide references for promoting this method and optimizing cultivation technique in Chongqing. 【Method】With conventional transplanting method as control, 5 kinds of well cellars for transplanting seedlings were setted, including well cellars with three different diameters viz.,large diameter（10.0 cm）, medium diameter（5.0 cm） and small diameter（3.5 cm）, and medium diameter well cellars with and without film-covering. Then the growth index, chemical composition and its coordination of tobacco were analysed. 【Result】The results showed that the seedlings transplanted in well cellar with film covering grew faster; its rosette stage, squaring stage, flowering stage of central flower, foot leaves maturity stage occurred about 7-8 d earlier than that of control; its top leaf maturity stage and growth stage occurred about 6 d earlier than that of control; the growth of plant, and yield and quality of cured leaves were better than that of control. In addition, there wese some differences in transplanting effect among well cellars of different diameters. Among them, the transplantation result of medium diameter cellar was the best in all treatments as follows： the production was 2833.5 kg/ha; the output value was 52136.4 yuan/ha; the first-and secondclass leaves accounted for 87.5%; the evaluation score of chemical composition coordination was 95.0. Furthermore, the transplantation under removing film treatment were better in promoting growth and improving quality than that under the reserving film treatment after rosette stage. The transplantation result in well cellar without film-covering was the worst.【Conclusion】The method for transplanting in well cellar was better than conventional transplanting method in Chongqing tobacco-growing areas. Furthermore, the optimal cultivation method is that the seedlings are transplanted in 5.0 cm diameter well cellar with ridge-forming and film-covering combined with plastic film removing, intertilling and hilling after rosette stage.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期991-995,共5页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B12006)
重庆市烟草专卖局科技项目(渝烟局科[2013])
关键词
烤烟
井窖式小苗移栽
生长发育
产质量
重庆烟区
flue-cured tobacco
transplanting seedlings in well cellar
growth and development
yield and quality
Chongqing tobacco-growing area
