摘要
微纳结构超高强度钢是兼具高强度、高塑性和高韧性的一类重要高性能钢铁结构材料。超细马氏体、贝氏体组织对于其强度起了决定性作用,对塑性和韧性起决定作用的为残留奥氏体。因此,如何通过调整化学成分和热处理工艺等手段调控残留奥氏体微结构,来实现精细组织结构和优良综合力学性能,成为新一代钢铁材料研究领域重要的课题。首先从钢铁材料强韧化机制出发,指出微观组织的精细化及硬相与软相的合理调控,是发展新一代钢铁材料的重要途径。然后针对近年来发展起来的超级贝氏体钢、Q&P钢、Q-P-T钢等具有微纳组织结构的超高强度钢,从合金设计、热处理工艺及组织结构与力学性能、磨损性能和疲劳性能的关系等方面进行综述与分析,最后指出微纳结构超高强度钢有待进一步深入研究与开发的问题。
Micro- and nano-structured steels are high-performance structural steels which have a unique combination of ultra-high strength, high ductility and good toughness. The ultra-high strength of these steels is attributed to sub-micro or nanosized ultra-fine martensitic and bainitic structures, while the ductility and toughness is associated with retained austen- ite. Therefore, it has become an important scientific problem to achieve fine microstructure and excellent mechanical prop- erties by means of adjustment of the retained austenite through controlling the chemical composition and heat treatment etc. Based on the strengthening and toughening mechanism of iron and steel, the refinement of microstructure and reasonable regulation of hard and soft phases are important way to develop a new generation iron and steel material. The recent devel- opment of micro- and nano-structured super bainitic steel, Q＆P and Q-P-T steels are reviewed and analyzed from the alloy design, heat treatment process and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, wear properties and fatigue properties. Finally some issues on the micro- and nano-structured ultra high strength steels are pointed out for fur- ther research and development.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期595-604,共10页
Materials China
基金
武汉市国际科技合作项目(2014030709020307)
国家科技部863项目(2012AA03A504)
湖北省重点新产品新工艺研究开发项目(2012 BAA14005)
关键词
钢铁材料
相变
贝氏体
马氏体
残留奥氏体
steels
phase transformation
bainite
martensite
retained austenite
