摘要
为了探讨冬小麦高效节水灌溉模式,于2012—2013年在山东农业大学试验站采用两种种植模式(宽幅精播种植和常规种植),每种种植模式设3种灌溉处理(全生育期不灌溉、拔节期灌溉60 mm和拔节后10 d灌溉60 mm),研究了推迟拔节水灌溉对宽幅精播麦田冠层温度、光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用效率(WUEL)和籽粒产量等的影响。结果表明,推迟拔节水灌溉显著提高了宽幅精播麦田生育后期的冠层温度、旗叶光合速率和蒸腾速率,且在冬小麦生长后期推迟拔节水灌溉显著提高了宽幅精播麦田的WUEL,有利于实现宽幅精播麦田的节水高产;产量构成因素中,推迟拔节水灌溉对两种种植模式的千粒重均没有显著影响,但推迟拔节水灌溉显著提高了宽幅精播麦田的穗粒数和籽粒产量。统筹考虑冬小麦的WUEL和籽粒产量,推迟拔节水灌溉对宽幅精播麦田实现节水高产具有一定的现实意义。
Optimal water-saving and high-efficiency irrigation regime of winter wheat were investigated during 2012-2013 winter wheat growing season, at Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University. Two types of planting patterns （wide-precision planting pattern and conventional-cultivation planting pattern） and three different irrigation regimes （no irrigation at any time during the growing season, irrigation of 60.0 mm at jointing stage, and irrigation of 60.0 mm at 10 days after the jointing stage） were conducted to study the effect of delayed irrigation at jointing stage on canopy temperature, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, and grain yield of the winter wheat. The results showed that in the wide-precision planting pattern, compared with conventional-cultivation planting pattern, delayed irrigation at jointing stage significantly increased the canopy temperature, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate in flag leaves. In the late winter wheat growth stages, delayed irrigation at the jointing stage significantly increased the efficiency of leaf water use and achieved a reasonable water use efficiency and grain yield in the wide-precision planting pattern. Delayed irrigation at the jointing stage had no significant effect on the 1000-grain weight in both planting patterns; however, delayed irrigation at jointing stage significantly increased the number of kernels per spike and grain yield in the wide-precision planting pattern. The leaf water use efficiency and grain yield of the winter wheat suggest that winter wheat in wide-precision planting pattern should be irrigated with 60 mm of water at 10 days after the jointing stage to achieve reasonable water use efficiency and grain yield in North China.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第15期5262-5268,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31101114)
国家"十二五"农村领域科技计划课题(2013AA102903)
山东省科技发展计划项目(2011GNC21101)
山东省高等学校优秀中青年骨干教师国际合作培养项目
关键词
冬小麦
宽幅精播
拔节
冠层温度
叶片水分利用效率
产量
winter wheat
wide-precision planting
jointing stage
canopy temperature
leaf water use efficiency
grain yield
