摘要
套种模式下,采用玉米沟灌和常规畦灌两种灌水方式,对其各生育期内根系区灌水前及收获前的土壤水分、盐分的运移规律进行试验研究,旨在分析盐碱地条件下两种灌水方式对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:沟灌条件下玉米的根系区要经历一个较常规畦灌更长的低水分阶段;两种灌水方式下玉米根系区灌前各土层含水率均呈"S"形变化规律;低水分条件下沟灌较常规畦灌对于降低土壤盐分具有更好的效果;沟灌条件下,玉米土壤含盐量呈现出近"倒V"形变化规律,开沟起垄后盐分的积累是造成玉米减产的主导因素;开沟后土壤毛管断裂是造成出苗率低的直接原因;虽然沟灌较常规畦灌玉米产量降低3.93%,但综合水分利用效率高48.17%,综合节水30%。因此,综合考虑,如果制定合理的灌溉制度和种植管理模式,玉米沟灌的灌水方式在河套灌区有较好的应用前景。
The soil water-salt transport rule of maize root conventional basin irrigation methods in order to understand the zone was studied under the interplanting mode with furrow and influence of two irrigation methods on the yield of maize in the saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the root zone of maize with furrow irrigation would go through a low water phase which was longer than the basin irrigation. Under the two irrigation methods, the soil water content of root zone before irrigation show the ＂S＂ shape change rule. Compared with conventional basin irrigation, the water leaching salt effect of furrow irrigation was more obvious under the low soil moisture condition. Under the furrow irrigation, the soil salt content of maize showed the inverse ＂V＂ change rule. The accumulation of salt after ridging was the main factor to lead the reduction of yield. The soil capillary rupture after ridging was the direct reason to lead the low germination rate. Although the yield of furrow irrigation was decreased by 3.93% than the conventional basin irrigation, the comprehensive water use efficiency was 48.17% higher than the conventional basin irrigation and saved 30% water consumption. Therefore, making the reasonable irrigation scheduling and planting management mode synthetically, furrow irrigation for maize should have a bright applying prospect in Hetao Irrigation District.
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期797-804,共8页
Soils
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51369018)
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B03)资助
关键词
河套灌区
沟灌
常规畦灌
水盐运移
玉米
产量
Hetao Irrigation District
Furrow irrigation
Conventional basin irrigation
Water-salt transport
Maize
Yield
