摘要
在中国耕地非农化日趋加剧,耕地抛荒、撂荒、低效粗放利用等现象愈演愈烈,耕地污染问题日益突出的背景下,提高耕地利用效率对于促进耕地可持续利用,实现耕地利用与资源环境协调发展具有重要的现实意义。本文采用单元调查评估法及碳排放系数公式对中国耕地利用过程中面源污染和碳排放的产出量进行评估,并使用非期望产出的窗式SBM模型对1993-2013年中国耕地利用效率进行重新估算,进而对耕地利用效率的时空分异特征及改进途径进行分析。主要结论:从时间分异特征来看,中国耕地利用效率呈现出显著下降的变化趋势;种植业大省耕地利用低效率现象逐步增强;投入冗余对耕地利用效率的负作用最大且趋于增强;非期望产出冗余对耕地利用效率的负作用次之且趋于增强;面源污染和碳排放的过量产出与耕地利用效率提升的矛盾日益加剧。从空间分异特征来看,耕地利用高效率地区大幅减少,分布状态由"连片"分布向"点状"分布于东部和西部地区转换;低效率地区以中部地区为中心向东部和西部地区扩张;耕地利用效率呈现出严重的"两级分化"特征。从改进途径来看,中国耕地利用效率的改进潜力主要在减少耕地利用投入冗余和降低非期望产出两个方面。
Currently, the non-agricuhuralization of cultivated land is becoming more obvious, problems of cultivated land abandonment and cultivated land＇ s inefficient utilization are increasing serious, pollution problems are more prominent. Improving the cultivated land＇ s utilization efficiency is an important method to promote the sustainable utilization of cultivated land, and achieve the harmony between the development of cultivated land utilization and the protection of resources and environment. In this paper, unit investigation and assessment methods and carbon emission coefficients were used to assess non-point source pollution and carbon emission during the utilization process of China＇ s cultivated land, and the window type SBM model based on undesirable output was used to calculate cultivated land＇ s utilization efficiency in China from 1993 to 2013; then the spatial-temporal variation of utilization efficiency was depicted and the efficiency improvement methods were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows： From the point of temporal variation characteristics, China＇ s cultivated land utilization efficiency shows an obvious declining trend. The major planting provinces show a growing feature of low efficiency. The utilization inefficiency coming from input redundancy shows the most significant and increasingly negative effect on the utilization efficiency. The input redundancy shows a less significant and increasingly negative effect on the utilization efficiency. The contradiction between utilization efficiency and redundancy output of non-point source pollution and carbon emission has intensified. From the point of spatial variation characteristics, the high-efficiency areas have been decreasing, and its ＇ contiguous＇ spatial distribution status has been converted into ＇ dot＇ distributed in the eastern and western regions. The low- efficiency areas have expanded from the central region to the east and west regions; The cultivated land＇ s utilization efficiency shows a serious ＇polarization＇ feature. From the point of efficiency improvement methods, the potential in improving the cultivated land＇ s utilization efficiency remains on reducing input redundancy and undesirable output redundancy.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第8期18-25,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社科基金项目"中国企业环境责任信息披露制度研究"(编号:10XGL001)
国家社科基金项目"西部地区耕地利用绩效评价与补偿机制研究"(编号:12BJY087)
国家社科基金项目"西部农村公共服务供给效率评价与改进策略研究"(编号:11BGL055)
关键词
耕地
利用效率
面源污染
碳排放
时空分异
cultivated land
utilization efficiency
non-point source pollution
carbon emission
spatial-temporal variation
