摘要
【目的】研究葡萄冬芽自然休眠诱导过程中呼吸速率和呼吸途径的变化规律,明确呼吸代谢与自然休眠诱导的关系,为休眠调控技术如无休眠栽培和秋促早栽培技术的发展提供理论依据,进而解决葡萄鲜果的周年供应问题。【方法】以‘贝达’嫁接的3年生高需冷量葡萄品种‘夏黑’和低需冷量葡萄品种‘京蜜’为试材,采用专一性呼吸抑制剂法借助氧电极测定葡萄冬芽呼吸速率及呼吸途径的变化,结合利用单芽扦插沙基培养法界定自然休眠诱导的进程,研究自然休眠诱导过程中葡萄冬芽的呼吸代谢变化。【结果】低需冷量葡萄品种‘京蜜’的冬芽自然休眠诱导开始和结束的时间晚于高需冷量葡萄品种‘夏黑’,且自然休眠深度浅于高需冷量葡萄品种‘夏黑’。需冷量不同的‘京蜜’和‘夏黑’两葡萄品种在自然休眠诱导期间冬芽的总呼吸速率变化趋势相同,呈单峰曲线,于自然休眠诱导结束时达最大值;低需冷量葡萄品种‘京蜜’在自然休眠诱导结束时冬芽的总呼吸速率和增幅略低于高需冷量的葡萄品种‘夏黑’。‘京蜜’和‘夏黑’两葡萄品种在自然休眠诱导期间,冬芽底物氧化水平和电子传递链水平上不同呼吸途径的运行活性发生了明显的变化,且变化趋势基本一致,与其自然休眠进程紧密相关,其中冬芽底物氧化水平上的戊糖磷酸途径(PPP)途径的运行活性与容量、蛋白质脂肪-TCA途径的容量和电子传递链水平上的交替途径的运行活性与容量,随着自然休眠进程的推进迅速增加;低需冷量葡萄品种‘京蜜’冬芽底物氧化水平上的PPP、蛋白质脂肪-TCA和电子传递链水平上的交替途径等与自然休眠诱导密切相关的呼吸途径的运行活性和容量都要略低于高需冷量葡萄品种‘夏黑’的冬芽。【结论】在自然休眠诱导期间,葡萄冬芽的总呼吸速率达最大值即峰值是葡萄冬芽自然休眠诱导期结束的标志。PPP途径和交替途径的运行活性与容量及蛋白质脂肪-TCA途径的容量的迅速增加是葡萄冬芽进入自然休眠的关键,是葡萄冬芽自然休眠诱导期的标志性生理变化。
【Objective】The changes of respiratory rate and respiratory pathway during the dormancy induction period, and the relationship between respiration and dormancy induction of grape bud were studied for the purpose of laying a theoretical foundation for the control technology of dormancy such as no-dormancy culture and promote early autumn cultivation, and solve the problem of the annual supply of fresh grapes. 【Method】 The experiment was undertaken in type Ⅱ low carbon high energy saving greenhouse in trial demonstration garden area. Three-year-old high chilling requirement grape V. vinifera-V. labrusca cv. ‘Summer Black＇ and low chilling requirement grape V. vinifera cv. ‘Jingmi＇ were used as test material and ‘Beta＇ as rootstock. Respiration inhibitors and oxygen electrode were used for determination of the respiratory rate and respiratory pathway changes in grape buds, combined with single bud cuttings sand culture method to define the natural dormancy induction process, and to investigate the changes of respiratory metabolism during dormancy in grape buds. 【Result】 The starting and ending time of dormancy induction of low chilling requirement grape cultivar was later and depth of dormancy was shallower than high chilling requirement grape V. vinifera-V. labrusca cv. ‘Summer Black＇. Change tendency of total respiratory rate of different chilling requirement grape cultivars had the similar single peak curves, the maximum total respiratory rate appeared at the end of dormancy induction. The total respiratory rate and the increase amplitude of low chilling requirement grape bud was significantly lower than high chilling requirement grape bud at the end of the dormancy induction. During the dormancy induction period, the activity of different respiratory pathways at the oxidation substrate level and the electron transport level changed obviously, and the change trend was basically identical which closely related with its natural dormancy process. The operation activity and capacity of pentose phosphate pathway（PPP）, fat protein- tricarboxylic acid cycle（fat protein-TCA） at the oxidation substrate level and operation activity and capacity of alternative pathway at the electron transport level of grape buds increased rapidly with the advance of the natural dormancy process. For the low chilling requirement grape cultivar, PPP, fat protein-TCA at the oxidation substrate level, alternative pathway at the electron transport level of grape buds and other operation activity and capacity of respiratory pathway which is closely related to dormancy induction were lower than high chilling requirement grape buds. 【Conclusion】 During dormancy induction period, total respiratory rate peak was a sign of the end of grape dormancy induction. The rapid increase in the operation activity and capacity of PPP, alternative pathway, fat protein-TCA were the key for buds into dormancy induction and the symbolic physiological change in dormancy induction period.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第16期3287-3295,共9页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-30-zp)
农业部"948"重点项目(2011-G28)
国家自然科学基金(41101573)
中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-04)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014JB02-002)
关键词
葡萄
冬芽
自然休眠诱导
需冷量
呼吸速率
呼吸途径
grape
bud
dormancy induction
chilling requirement
respiratory rate
respiratory pathway
