摘要
【目的】缺乏自主高产、优质新品种导致肉羊单产能力低、羊肉品质差、利润空间小是中国肉羊产业的一个关键问题。利用国外肉用绵羊品种与地方品种杂交可以提高单位产肉量,但由于杂交技术体系相对复杂,配套杂交利用体系不易掌握等原因导致乱交滥配现象严重,一些地方品种优异特性部分丢失。此外,从长远角度,结合中国国情和农区特点培育自主肉用绵羊新品种是解决地方品种产肉性能差、填补专门化肉用绵羊品种空白的关键手段。寒泊肉羊是以小尾寒羊为母本,杜泊绵羊为父本进行杂交,以骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(BMPR1B)(A746G)基因分子标记作为提高种群产羔数的辅助手段,经过多年人工选择和定向培育而成的农区肉用绵羊新种群。本研究是对寒泊肉羊繁殖性能进行分析,为下一步选育提供数据参考。【方法】统计了同等条件下饲养的寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊繁殖相关指标,包括胎产羔数、产羔间隔(从上次产羔到下次产羔时间)、妊娠期(自配种到妊娠产羔时间)、初产日龄(从出生到第一次产羔时间间隔)。分析了两个品种不同胎次对产羔数的影响,不同月份产羔母羊比例分布情况,以及寒泊肉羊产羔月份对下次产羔间隔的影响。【结果】寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊初产日龄((440.46±92.40)d vs(490.48±42.71)d)、妊娠期((145.93±4.80)d vs(47.95±4.41)d)、产羔间隔((300.42±72.85)d vs(275.94±48.42)d)、胎产羔数(1.86±0.71 vs 1.82±0.50)均无显著差别(P>0.05)。胎次对产羔数有显著影响,随着胎次增加胎产羔数呈现缓慢增加趋势,在第5胎次达到高峰(2.15只),随后产羔数下降。每年的第一季度为寒泊肉羊产羔高峰,即配种时间在上一年秋季,2月份产羔母羊比例最高为15.82%,即9月份配种妊娠数量较多,4—9月份产羔母羊比例低于理论平均值,6—8月份产羔母羊比例最小,以6月份最低。小尾寒羊4—7月份产羔母羊比例低于平均值,6月份产羔母羊比例最小为4.77%,8月份到次年的3月份产羔母羊均在平均值8.33%以上。寒泊肉羊和小尾寒羊产羔均呈现一定季节性,二者差异不大。产羔月份对下次产羔时间间隔有一定影响,2月份产羔之后到下次产羔时间间隔最长为323 d,7—10月份产羔后到下次产羔间隔较短,为8个月左右。【结论】寒泊肉羊繁殖性能遗传了母本常年发情配种产羔的特性,初产日龄、妊娠期、产羔间隔、胎产羔数均无显著差别。胎次对产羔数有显著影响,产羔月份对下次产羔时间间隔有一定影响。
【Objective】 The critical problem of meat sheep industry in China is that there are no self-owned high yield and superior breed, which lead to low per meat productivity, inferior quality and less profit. The per meat productivity can be improved through hybridization between local sheep and foreign breeds. However, some excellent traits of our native breeds disappeared on account of hybridization without planning and design, as a result of the complexity of crossbred and difficult matched technique. Moreover, in the long run, the key measure of enhancing local breed meat performance and filling in the blank of special meat breed is breeding a new breed according to the national situation of China and agricultural region features. Hanper mutton sheep is a flock of which was bred based on the maternal parent Small-taied Han sheep and Dorper sheep as paternal subject with fecundity gene BMPR1B（A746G） as molecular marker through several years of selection and cultivation in agricultural regions. The aim of this study is to examine the reproductive productivity of Hanper mutton sheep for farther selection and breeding. 【Method】The reproduction related traits, including litter size, litter size interval（the interval from current childbirth to next time）, gestation period（ period from mating to delivery） and first birthing age（the period from birth to first parturition）, the effect of parity on litter size, proportion distribution of birthing ewes in one year of Hanper and Small-tailed Han sheep ewes, and litter size month on next birthing interval of Hanper mutton sheep, were analyzed.【Result】The results indicated that there were no significant differences in first birthing age（（440.46±92.40） d vs（490.48±42.71） d）, gestation period（（145.93±4.80） d vs（147.95±4.41） d）, birthing interval（（300.42±72.85） d vs（275.94±48.42） d）, litter size（1.86±0.71 vs 1.82±0.50） between Hanper and Small-tailed Han sheep（P〉0.05）. The effect of parity on litter size was significant in Hanper sheep, and the litter size per parity was increased with the parity gradually, and the peak value of fifth parity was 2.15, and the litter size declined from the fifth parity. The first quarter was litter size peak of Hanper sheep ewes which were mated in autumn of last year, the proportion of birthing ewes in February was 15.82% which means that the most number of pregnancy ewes in September. The birthing ewes proportion between April and September was lower than the theory average value, and the percentage of June to August was the least. The proportion of birthing ewes of Small-tailed Han sheep between April and July was lower than the average data. The minimum（4.77%） was in June. The number of birthing ewes between August and March of next year was more than the average value which was 8.33%. The litter pattern showed some seasonal characters, but the difference was not obvious. There was a certain influence of birthing month on the next delivery interval. The long time was 323 days from February to next birthing lambs, and the short interval from littering to next time was about 8 months during July to October. 【Conclusion】Hanper mutton sheep have inherited the reproduction performances of their maternal parent Small-tailed Han sheep. There were no significant differences in first birthing age, gestation period, birthing interval, and litter size. The influences of parity on litter size, and the effect of birthing month effect on interval to next time were prominent.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第16期3296-3302,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
河北省科技支撑计划项目(14226315D)
河北省属公益科研院所项目(11240413D)
关键词
寒泊肉羊
产羔数
产羔间隔
初产日龄
胎次
产羔月份
Hanper Mutton sheep
litter size
birthing interval
first birthing age
parity
birthing month
