摘要
以‘泰农18’小麦为材料,于2012—2013年进行大田试验,设置当地农民习惯栽培模式(FP)、超高产栽培模式(SH)和高产高效栽培模式(HH)3个处理,研究了不同栽培模式对小麦光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量、收获指数、籽粒产量和肥料偏生产力的影响.结果表明:SH模式小麦全生育期的光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量和籽粒产量显著高于FP模式.相对于FP模式,虽然HH模式的小麦全生育期光能截获量较低,但其光能利用效率、干物质积累量及收获指数均显著提高,从而使其籽粒产量显著提高.相对于SH模式,虽然HH模式的籽粒产量在高、低肥力水平下分别降低3.8%和2.8%,而氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力在两肥力水平下分别提高26.4%、68.5%、92.6%.在本试验条件下,综合考虑籽粒产量和养分利用效率,以"降肥、增密、延播"为技术特点的高产高效栽培模式为推荐的优化栽培模式.
Taking winter wheat cultivar ‘Tainong 18＇as test material,this paper set three treatments,local farmer＇s traditional cultivation pattern（ FP）,super high yield pattern（ SH） and high yield high efficiency pattern（ HH） to investigate the effects of cultivation patterns on the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation（ IPAR）,PAR use efficiency（ RUE）,dry matter（ DM） accumulation,harvest index（ HI）,grain yield and fertilizers ＇partial factor productivity（ PFP） in2012-2013. The results showed that IPAR,RUE and DM accumulation of the total growth stage and grain yield under SH pattern were significantly higher than those under FP pattern. IPAR of the total growth stage under HH pattern was lower than that under FP pattern,but RUE,DM accumulation and HI were significantly higher than that under FP pattern,so grain yield was higher than that under FP pattern. The grain yields under HH pattern were respectively decreased by 3. 8% and2.8% under high and low fertility levels compared that under SH pattern,while the PFP of N,P and K under HH pattern were averagely 26.4%,68.5% and 92.6% higher than those under SH pattern,respectively. In conclusion,HH pattern,with the characteristics of ‘reducing fertilizer ＇,‘increasing planting density＇and ‘delaying sowing date＇,was the recommended cultivation pattern under the condition similar to this experiment balancing the grain yield,radiation use and fertilizer use.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期2707-2713,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096)
粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B09-2)
山东省高等学校科技计划(J15LF07)资助
关键词
冬小麦
栽培模式
光能利用
收获指数
产量
winter wheat
cultivation pattern
radiation use
harvest index
yield
