摘要
金属高性能增材制造技术主要包含以激光立体成形技术为代表的同步送粉(送丝)高能束(激光、电子束、电弧等)熔覆技术和以选区激光熔化技术为代表的粉末床成形技术两个技术方向,可以实现复杂金属构件的无模具、快速、自由实体近净成形,同时确保成形构件的力学性能优于铸件,接近、甚至与锻件相当。这使得金属高性能增材制造技术成为了航空高性能复杂构件制造的重要技术途径,也为提升先进飞机和航空发动机结构的设计效能,实现功能优先的优化设计创造了重要条件。评述了金属增材制造技术的技术特征及其典型成形件的力学性能,并对目前国内外金属增材制造技术在航空领域的应用现状进行了较为全面的分析,探讨了金属增材制造在航空领域应用所存在的问题,并指出了目前航空领域应用金属增材制造所具有的主要效益。
High performance metal additive manufacturing （MAM） technology mainly includes the high energy beam （ laser, electron beam, arc, etc. ） cladding/melting methods with the synchronous powder or wire feeding, in which laser solid forming is as the representative, and powder bed fusion methods with laser or electron, in which selective laser melting is as the representative. Through metal additive manufacturing, the complex structural parts can be free-form near-net shaped rapidly without using the mold, meantime, the mechanical properties of the MAMed parts are superior to those of the cast, near, even equivalent to those of the wrought. These make MAM technology not only become an important manufacturing approach for high performance complex aviation component, but also be able to enhance the design effectiveness of advanced aircraft and aero engine, and realize the optimized design of aviation structural part based on the functional priority. In present work, the technical characteristics of typical MAM technology and the mechanical properties of typical MAMed parts were reviewed, and the current applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were analyzed, the problems for the applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were also discussed, finally, the major benefits for the applications of MAM technology on the aviation field were pointed out.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期684-688,658,共5页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51323008
51105311
51271213)
科技部973计划项目(2011 CB610402)
科技部863项目(2013AA031103)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20116102110016)
中国高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(08040)
关键词
增材制造
航空
金属
高性能
additive manufacturing
aviation
metallic
high performance
