摘要
[目的]探讨水肥一体化条件下减量施肥对樱桃番茄养分吸收、产量和品质的影响,为樱桃番茄水肥一体化肥料的合理施用提供参考。[方法]在水肥一体化滴灌施肥条件下进行田间试验,设置5种不同施肥量处理。不同处理间灌溉量相同,施肥量不同。其中,DF100为对照处理（CK）,施肥量为常规施肥量（N 360.0 kg/ha、P2O5180.0 kg/ha、K2O 405.0 kg/ha）,其余4个处理（DF60~DF90）的施肥量分别为对照处理的60%~90%,氮磷钾肥分6次滴灌施用。在樱桃番茄生长过程中测定株高、茎粗、叶片氮磷钾养分含量,收获期分析果实总糖、Vc、硝酸盐和果型等品质,验收产量。[结果]DF60~DF90处理对樱桃番茄的生长无明显不良影响：叶片的含氮量相较CK虽然有降低,但仍能满足生长需要;整个生育期间各减量施肥处理的磷素含量均较高,且坐果期和盛果期时显著高于对照处理（P〈0.05,下同）,其中以DF60处理叶片磷含量最高;盛果期前各处理间叶片含钾量差异均不显著（P〉0.05,下同）,盛果期时,DF60~DF80处理叶片含钾量显著高于CK,分别提高36.8%、54.1%和27.3%。各减量施肥处理的樱桃番茄产量均比CK增加,其中以DF60处理的樱桃番茄产量最高,为45.435 t/ha,显著高于CK,DF60~DF80处理的肥料产出率均显著高于CK,且以DF60处理其肥料产出率最高,为80.140 g/g,各处理对番茄果实的单果重、果横径和果长等指标影响差异不显著。各减量施肥处理的果实Vc含量均比CK增加,也以DF60处理的果实Vc含量最高,为284.11 mg/kg,显著高于CK;各处理果实总糖和硝酸盐含量差异均不显著。[结论]水肥一体化滴灌施肥条件下,60%~70%常规施肥量为樱桃番茄适宜施肥量。
[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate effect of reducing fertilizer application on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of cherry tomato under of integration water and fertilizer, in order to provide references for applying scientifically water and fertilizer integration of cherry tomato. [Method]The field experiment were conducted by ap- plying integration technique of water and fertilizer （drip irrigation）, which included five treatments as follows, DF100 as control treatment （CK） （conventional fertilizer amount： N 360.0 kg/ha, P2O5 180.0 kg/ha, K2O405.0 kg/ha） and other 4 treatments viz., DF60, DF70, DF80, DF90. As for five treatments, the irrigation amounts were same, however the fertilization amounts were different. The fertilization amounts of DF60-DF90 were 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of conventional fertilizer amount of control treatment, respectively. The fertigation of NPK fertilizer was performed in six divided times. Meanwhile, the plant height, stem girth and contents of N, P and K were determined at different stages of growth. And the total sugar, Vc, nitrate and fruit qualities were determined at harvest stage and the yield of fruit were investigated. [Result]The results showed that DF60-DF80 treatments had no significant negative effect on growth of cherry tomato, as follows： the N content of their leaves was lower than that of CK, however, which could meet needs of growth; the P content of leaves at different growth stages were higher than that of CK, besides, which at setting and harvest stage was significantly higher than that of CK （P〈 0.05, the same below）, especially that of DF60 treatment; there were nonsignificant difference in K content of leaves before harvest stage among DF60-DF90 treatments, and the K content of leaves at harvest stage significantly increased by 36.8%, 54.1% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK. In addition, the DF60-DF90 treatments also increased in fruit yield compared with CK, especially, DF60 treatment with the highest yield （45.435 t/ha） was significantly higher than CK. The fer- tilizer productivities of DF60-DF80 treatments were significantly higher than fertilizer productivity of CK, especially, that of DF60 treatment was the highest （80.140 g/g）. The DF60-DF90 treatments had no significant effect on weight, diameter, length of single fruit, however Vc contents in fruits of DF60-DF90 treatments were higher than Vc content of CK, especially the fruit of DF60 treatment with the highest Vc content （284.11 mg/kg）. [Conclusion]Under integration of water and fertilizer （drip irri- gation）, the 60%-70% of conventional fertilizer amount is optimal fertilizer amount for cherry tomato.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期1270-1274,共5页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
广西研究生创新教育计划项目(GXU11T32564)
关键词
樱桃番茄
水肥一体化
养分
产量
品质
integration of water and fertilizer
cherry tomato
nutrient
yield
quality
