摘要
为了明确黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性的遗传改良规律,选择1985年-2010年间育成的5个代表性大豆品种为试材,设置不同的种植密度,测定与耐密性相关的形态指标和生理指标。结果表明,随着密度增加R2期叶面积指数、R6期冠层上部1～5片叶平均叶柄长度和田间倒伏级别则增加趋势,单株粒重呈先增加后降低趋势,不同时期其它各性状变化趋势均呈降低趋势,但不同年代育成品种之间存在差异。除R2期37.5万株·hm-2条件下随着育成时间的推移叶面积指数呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,其它处理叶面积指数变化均呈相反趋势;在30.0万株·hm-2和37.5万株·hm-2条件下,叶色值、净光合速率、伤流液重量等性状降低百分率和R6期冠层上部1～5片叶平均叶柄长度、田间倒伏级别增加百分率随着育成时间的推移均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;30.0万株·hm-2时产量增加百分率与37.5万株·hm-2时产量降低百分率随着育成时间的推移均呈先升高后降低趋势,对最大种植密度进行回归分析,表明随着育成时间的推移不同年代育成品种最大种植密度呈先降低后升高的趋势;以上各性状的变化百分率与品种育成年代相关均达到显著或极显著水平。从冠层结构、光合生理、伤流液重量、籽粒产量和最大种植密度等性状的变化规律可以看出,不同年代育成大豆品种耐密性的变化规律呈强-弱-强的单峰曲线,该结论将为耐密性大豆新品种选育和高产栽培提供理论依据。
Five soybean varieties which released from 1985 to 2010 were used in experiment to investigate the genetic improvement rule of density-tolerance of different eras soybean varieties in Heilongjiang province. The treatments consisted of three levels of density and measured some morphological index and physical signs related with density- tolerance. The result showed that the LAI at R2, the average length of petiole of canopy top 1st to 5th leaf at R6 and lodge level were all presented an added trend with plant density increased, while the seed weight per plant showed an added first and then lower. The variation trend of other traits showed decreased at different period, and there existed differences among varieties. With released years developed the LAI of 375 000 plants· hm -2 at R2 presented a fell first and raised later tendency, while other treatments showed opposite trend. Under 300 000 plants·hm-2 and 37 5000 plants＂ hm -2 plant density treatments, the decreased percentages of leaf greenness, net photosynthetic rate and bleeding weight showed a added first and then lower trend with released years passed, and also the increased percentage of the average length of petiole of canopy top Ist to 5＇h leaf at R6 and lodge level. The increased percentage and decreased percentage of yield both showed a raised first and fell later trend at 300 000 plants-hm-2 and 375 000plants· hm-2 plant density treatments respectively with variety released years. Regression analysis of max plant density showed that the rule of maximum plant density of different eras varieties presented a fell first and raised later tendency. All the traits in this experiment showed significant level correlation between change percentage and released years. In conclusion, as the change law of canopy structure, photosynthetic physiology, bleeding weight, grain yield and max plant density, the experiment indicated that the change rule of density-tolerance of different eras soybean varieties showed a single-peak curve like strong-weak-strong,the conclusion will provide a theoretical basis of new high density tolerance soybean variety breeding and high yield cultivation for the future.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第7期1419-1426,共8页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD35B06)
国家科技支撑计划(2011DFR30840)
国家现代大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES05)
关键词
大豆
耐密性
遗传改良
soybean, density-tolerance, genetic improvement
