摘要
电力和淡水紧缺直接影响到深远海、边远海岛的生存与可持续发展,一直以来是一项世界性难题。本文利用CCMP风场、模拟的海浪场数据,以某重点岛礁作为研究对象,对风能和波浪能资源特征进行了系统性的分析。结果表明,研究海域蕴藏着较为丰富、适宜开发的风能、波浪能资源：（1）除去极端风、浪情况外,全年基本都可进行风能和波浪能开发,峰值出现在12月至翌年1月,月平均风能密度在370W/m^2左右,波浪能流密度在20kW/m左右;即使在最贫乏的4—5月,能源均处于可利用状态。（2）有效风速、可用波高出现频率、能级频率都很丰富：各月有效风速频率在70%以上;全年大部分时间可用波高、50W/m^2以上风能密度、2kW/m以上波浪能流密度出现频率都在50%以上。（3）研究海域的波浪能主要由以下海况贡献：波高2~3m,波周期6~7s的海况,贡献率为14.6%。（4）研究区域的风能主要由ENE、NE、SW、WSW向贡献,其中又以100~300W/m^2出现的频率最高;1 000W/m^2以上的高风能主要由WSW向贡献。波浪能主要由NNE和WSW向的浪贡献;频率最高的是0~5、5~10kW/m。（5）近24年研究海域的风能密度没有显著的变化趋势,波浪能流密度以0.25kW·m^-1·a^-1的趋势显著性递增。（6）风能、波浪能在冬夏两季、夏季风向冬季风过渡期间都表现出很好的稳定性,5月的稳定性相对较差。（7）风能总储量为2 050kW·h/m^2,有效储量为1 722kW·h/m^2;波浪能的总储量为84 079kW·h/m,有效储量为66 336kW·h/m。
The shortage of wave power and fresh water will significantly affect the subsistence and sus- tainable development of deep sea and remote islands and it is also a international puzzle. Based on the CC- MP （Cross-Calibrated, Multi-Platform） wind data for the period 1988--2011 and a 24-year WAV- EWATCH-III （WW3） hindcast data, this study presents the characteristics of wind energy resources and wave energy resources in an important reef. The results show that= （1） The area is rich in wind energy and wave energy resources. This area can carry out the development of wind and wave energy all year round except some extreme sea conditions. The top value appears in December and January, of about 370 W/ms in wind power density and 20 kW/m in wave power density. Even in the poorest season （April and May） the energy also can be used to development. （2） The occurrences of effective wind speed, effective SWH, energy class are optimistic. The occurrence of effective wind speed is above 700/00 in each month. The occurrences of effective SWH, wind power density above 50 W/me, wave power density above 2 kW/ m are more than 50% in most of the year. （3） The wave energy is mainly contributed by the sea state of SWH in 2-3 m, wave period in 6-7 s. （4） The wind energy is mainly contributed by ENE, NE, SW and WSW direction, while the occurrence of wind power density in 100-300 W/m^2 appears the highest. Wind power density above 1 000 W/m^2 is mainly contributed by WSW direction. The wave energy is mainly con- tributed by the NNE and WSW direction ocean wave. The high occurrence of wave power density is 0-5 and 5-10 kW · m^-1 · a^-1. The characteristics of wind energy rose is similar to the wave energy rose. （5） During the past 24 years, the wind power density does not have significant variation. The wave power den- sity exhibits noticeable increasing trend, of about 0. 25 kW · m^-1 · a^-1. （6） There is a good stability in wind energy and wave energy in summer, autumn and winter. The stability in May is relative worst all year round. （7） The total storage and effective storage of wind energy is 2 050 kW · h/m^2, and 1 722 kW · h/m^2. The total storage and effective storage of wave energy are 84 079 and 66 336 kW · h/m.
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期7-14,共8页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2013CB956200)
国家自然科学基金项目(41490642)资助
关键词
边远海岛
风能
波浪能
可持续发展
remote island
wind energy
wave energy
sustainable development
