摘要
法律体系在很大程度上是法学的产物。在规范论的语境中,以规则为基础的阶层构造论和规则—原则论提供了法律体系的两种不同模式。由于规则—原则双重构造模式能实现实践理性的最大化和法治理念的最佳化,因而对应着最优化的法治模型。在理想结构中,法律体系由规则与原则两部分构成:法律规则之间根据效力关系形成了特定的阶层构造,属于体系的刚性部分;而法律原则之间根据内容关系形成了客观价值秩序的统一体,属于法律体系的柔性部分。两部分之间既有静态的联结,更有动态的双向流动。在现实结构中,由于制度性和方法性联结的可能,规则与原则相互结合得更加紧密。
Legal systems are, to a large extent, products of legal science. In the tradition of normative theory, there are mainly two different models of legal system, i. e. , Stufenbaulehre purely based on rules, and the rules-principles model. The model of Stufenbau is based on single legal rules from the perspective of forms of law, which imagines law as a hierarchy. The rules-principles model departs from a different basis, i. e. , the qualitative differences between rules and principles. Compared to the model of Stufenbau which can also be called the pure rules model, the rules-principles model is more convincing. On the one hand, it may realize the maximum of practical reason. While the pure mles model can only provide consistent, formal reasons in systems realizing legal certainty, the rules- principles model can approximate the coherence in systems in arguments both of formal and substantive reasons, realizing the correctness at the same time. On the other hand, the optimization of idea about the rule of law can be achieved by the latter. The rules-principles model, as a kind of soft rule of law, leads to ＂rule of reasons＂ in addition to ＂rule of rules＂, and to dynamic balance between legislature and judicature, and gives due consideration both to fundamental human rights and democracy. Because of the maximum of practical reason and the optimization of idea about the rule of law, the rules-principles model corresponds to an optimal pattern of the rule of law, which should be chosen for modem society. But the rules-principles model provides only the elements of a legal system without constructing its model. It should be further developed into a two-level model. In its ideal structure, a legal system is comprised of two parts： while different legal rules constitute a hierarchy according to their validity relation, which belongs to the solid part of the system, different legal principles form an objective value-order as a unity, which belongs to the soft part. In its real structure, because of the institutional tie and methodological tie, rules and principles are coupled more intimately.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期3-27,共25页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
中国政法大学2012年度校级人文社会科学研究规划项目"法律体系的融贯性论证与建构:理论问题及其中国样态"
国家社科基金项目"法律规范的元理论研究"(13CFX007)的阶段性成果
关键词
法律体系
阶层构造模式
双重构造模式
法治模型
legal system, model of Stufenbau, two-level model, pattern of rule of law
