摘要
论文以海南文昌侨乡为例,探讨了基于传统道义与交换互惠两种跨国关系的移民跨国实践的变化及其给侨乡带来的影响。研究发现,文昌的海外移民在迁移过程中经历了经济与声誉地位同时上升的过程,再加上受到多层社会结构因素的影响,纯粹社会声誉与身份归属方面的补偿不再对其构成吸引力,使得文昌移民与家乡一直持续的传统道义关系受到了不同程度的摧毁,基于传统道义关系发展起来的社会文化馈赠模式对于文昌移民的吸引力在下降。不少文昌移民试图与家乡重新建立起一种不同于传统道义的、互惠互利的社会交换关系,发展出一种既可赚钱又可普惠地方的跨国实践模式。而由于土地纠纷、行政干预等问题,海外移民与当地政府并没有建立良好的交换与互惠关系,使得盈利性跨国实践也没有在文昌移民群体中大规模兴起。这些都进一步导致文昌移民在祖籍地的跨国实践逐渐衰落,也使得侨乡的象征意义与示范效应逐渐式微。华人本着爱国和慈善精神汇款回中国的时代,已经转变为在一个全球性的资本主义环境中着重投资的时代。
Taking Wenchang, Hainan as an example, this paper examines how two types of transnational relations based on traditional morality and mutual benefits brought changes to Qiaoxiang. This research finds that the Chinese from Wenchang increased both their income and reputation through migration. In addition to the decline of attraction from social reputation, morality structure of Wenchang immigrants collapsed at a certain level. The socio-cuhural compensation based on traditional moral structure, especially, was not attractive any more.Wenchang immigrants tried to establish an alternative relationship in social exchange based on mutual benefits rather than traditional morality. However, because of conflicts on land ownership and the overstretch of the administrative interference, immigrants were not able to build up a sustainable relationship based on mutual benefits, Wenchang immigrants failed to establish a transnational model that is driven by profit. This led to the decline of Wenchang immigrants in their hometown, which further decreased their symbolic significance and model effect of Wenchang immigrants. The era of sending money back to home countries in light of patriotism and philanthropy is giving away to the era that is driven by investment in global capitalism.
出处
《华侨华人历史研究》
CSSCI
2015年第3期55-63,共9页
Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"东南亚华人跨国流动与海上丝绸之路的文化交流研究"(项目编号:14AZD069)
广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划2013年度项目"归难侨群体的多向分层融入模式研究"(项目批准号:GD13YHQ01)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
关键词
侨乡研究
跨国实践
侨捐研究
华侨投资
道义关系
交换关系
全球化
Qiaoxiang
transnational practice
donations by overseas Chinese
investmentby Overseas Chinese
moral relations
exchange relations
globalization
