摘要
为解决云南冬春季节旱区农作物因干旱造成的农业损失,采用3种免耕覆盖栽培模式：免耕＋塑料地膜覆盖（处理2）、免耕＋玉米秸秆覆盖（处理3）、免耕＋水稻秸秆覆盖（处理4）,比较对小麦土壤耕层含水率、温度变化以及对小麦株高、产量变化的影响。结果表明,3种免耕覆盖栽培模式各层土壤含水率、土壤温度均高于不覆盖处理（CK）。0~10 cm土层,处理2、处理3和处理4与CK间的土壤含水率差异达到显著水平,处理2土壤平均含水率达到44.41%,比CK提高17.75%,处理3和处理4土壤平均含水率比CK分别提高12.03%和12.77%;10~20 cm土层,土壤含水率差异不显著,处理2土壤平均含水率达到40.66%,比CK提高2.86%,处理3和处理4土壤平均含水率比CK分别提高2.07%和2.58%;0~10 cm土层,处理2土壤平均温度达到17.39℃,比CK提高2.18℃,处理3和处理4土壤平均温度比CK分别提高0.65和0.96℃。10~20 cm土层,处理2土壤平均温度达到16.97℃,比CK提高2.12℃,处理3和处理4土壤平均温度比CK分别提高0.52和0.96℃。小麦整个生长周期处理2的保水保温效果都明显优于处理3和处理4;3种免耕覆盖栽培模式对小麦的株高和产量影响显著。小麦增产顺序依次为处理2〉处理4〉处理3,其中处理2增产率最高达20.46%。产量提升的短期效果可考虑采用免耕＋塑料地膜覆盖模式,但从可持续和无污染农业发展的长期效果考虑推荐免耕＋秸秆覆盖模式。
To solve the problem of Yunnan arid regions agricultural loss caused by drought during winter to spring,using three kinds of notillage with mulch cultivation patterns： No-till ＋ PM（ treatment 2）,No-till ＋ MSM（ treatment 3）,No-till ＋ RSM（ treatment 4）,we compared the change of soil moisture content,soil temperature in the wheat plough layer and its effects on wheat plant height,yield change. Results showed that the layers of soil moisture content,soil temperature covered by three kinds of no-tillage with mulch cultivation patterns were higher than no-covered treatment（ CK）. 0- 10 cm soil layer,the soil moisture content had significant difference between treatment 2,3,4and CK. The average soil moisture content of treatment 2 reached 44. 41 %,which increased by 17. 75 % than that of CK,while treatment3 and 4 increased by 12. 03 % and 12. 77 % than that of CK,respectively. The differences of soil moisture content between 10- 20 cm soil layer was not significant. The average soil moisture content of treatment 2 reached 40. 66 %,which was 2. 86 % higher than that of CK,while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 2. 07 % and 2. 58 % than that of CK,respectively. 0- 10 cm soil layer,the average soil temperature of treatment 2 reached 17. 39 ℃,which was 2. 18 ℃ higher than that of CK,while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 0. 65 and 0. 96 ℃ than that of CK,respectively. 10- 20 cm soil layer,the average soil temperature of treatment 2 reached 16. 97 ℃,which was 2. 12 ℃ higher than that of CK,while treatment 3 and 4 increased by 0. 52 ℃ and 0. 96 ℃ than CK,respectively. During the whole period of wheat growth,moisture and heat preservation effect of treatment 2 was much better than that of treatment 3 and 4. Three kinds of no-tillage with mulch cultivation patterns affected plant height and yield of wheat significantly. Order of wheat yield was： treatment 2〉 treatment 4 〉treatment 3,and the highest yield-increase rate of treatment 2 reached20. 46 %. No-till ＋ PM could be considered to use for short-term effect of increasing yield,but No-till ＋ SM could be considered to recommend for long-term effect of sustainable and pollution-free agricultural development.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期1553-1558,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划"主要粮食作物抗旱栽培关键技术研究与示范项目"(2012BAD40B01)
关键词
免耕覆盖栽培模式
土壤含水率
土壤温度
小麦
产量
No-tillage with mulch cultivation patterns
Soil moisture content
Soil temperature
Wheat
Yield
