摘要
鸟类的行为是遗传而来，或是学习获得，多表现出对环境条件的适应。为了解黄腹角雉（Tragopan caboti）野生种群昼间行为和时间分配，于2012年1月至2014年11月，根据海拔、植被类型和人为活动干扰等因子，在江西武夷山自然保护区海拔444～2133m区间，选择了41个代表性的机位进行红外相机监测，每个机位监测时间不少于250d。其中23个机位获得了视频资料，共记录N314只次（d229只次，Q85只次）野生黄腹角雉的有效视频4447S。其昼间活动时间约11～13h。地面行为可以分为6种，摄食、位移和休息3个刚性行为时间占总时长的97．08％，不同季节间摄食行为的平均耗费时间差异显著（尸〈O．05），位移和休息行为的平均时间差异不显著（JP〉0．05）。不同性别间的摄食行为和整理行为的平均时间差异显著（P〈0．05）。繁殖期笼养黄腹角雉主要行为与野生种群相同，但野生种群的行为时间摄食行为〉位移行为〉休息行为，而笼养种群则是休息行为〉位移行为〉摄食行为，估计与笼养种群省去了搜寻食物时间和环境异质性小、不用担心被天敌捕食等因素有关。研究结果提示：黄腹角雉的昼间行为存在性别差异，但机制尚不清楚；江西武夷山自然保护区黄腹角雉栖息地保存较好、人为干扰小，栖息地内的食物在不同季节均能够满足黄腹角雉的生存需要。
Bird behaviour, no matter from hereditary or acquired through learning, id an adaptation to the environment condition. Total of 41 infrared-triggered cameras were set at the selected locations from 444 m to 2 133 m in altitude to record the diurnal behavior and time budget of the Cabot＇s tragopan （Tragopan caboti） within their habitat range in Jiangxi Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, China from Jan. 2012 to Nov.2014. Each of the infrared-triggered camera＇s was set more than 250 d. Of 23 recorded on 314 individuals of Cabot＇s tragopan, including 229 males and 85 females with a effective video of 4 447 seconds. The tragopan were active 11 - 13 hour during daytime and the feeding, moving and resting behaviour took 97.08% of the total active duration. The average feeding time was varied significantly with seasons （1~ 〈 0.05）, while the average time for both moving and resting was not different significantly （P 〉 0.05, Table 1）. However, the average time spent in feeding and preening was varied significantly between males and females （P 〈 0.05, Table 2）. The feeding time of females was concentrated in the morning, but males concentrated their feeding in the evening before they slept. In the breeding season the wild Cabot＇s tragopan showed a similar behavior pattern with those kept in the captivity, however, the time budget on each behavior was difference between them. The time duration spent by the birds in wild was feeding 〉 moving 〉 resting, while for the birds in the captivity was resting 〉 moving 〉 feeding. The difference in time budget between male and female was clearly, however, the mechanism behind them remained unclear and needed more work in the future. Currently, the habitat with abundant food resource and little human disturbance for Cabot＇s tragopan are protected well in Jiangxi Wuyishan, and this will play a key role in conservation for the wild population of the Cabot＇s Tragopan＇s
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期695-702,共8页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
林业国家级自然保护区能力建设项目
关键词
黄腹角雉
昼间行为
时间分配
红外相机
江西武夷山
Cabot＇s tragopan （Tragopan caboti）
Diurnal behaviour
Time budget
Infrared-triggered cameras
Jiangxi Wuyishan
