摘要
应用1977—2013年乌鲁木齐机场12月—次年(2014年)3月逐时地面观测资料,应用相关气候统计方法探求乌鲁木齐机场雾天气的出现时间及其变化特征,并以大雾集中度(FCD)和大雾集中期(FCP)来表征大雾天气累计出现时间的非均匀性特征,结果表明:(1)1977—2013年,乌鲁木齐机场雾累计出现时间呈明显的上升趋势,大雾的上升速率大于浓雾的上升速率,且浓雾占机场雾的比率逐年下降;(2)机场雾累计出现时间分为三个阶段:少发期(1977—1991)、调整期(1992—2001)、高发期(2002—2013),且机场雾累计出现时间存在明显的突变,突变时间为本世纪00年代初期(2001/2002年);(3)机场大雾累计出现时间和能见度大小有明显的负相关关系,且日变化显著:3:00—13:00为一天内易发大雾时间段,14:00—23:00为一天内能见度较好时间段;(4)机场大雾集中度相对较高,且近37 a来无显著变化;机场大雾集中发生在12月和1月,以周为时间单位计算时,在2002年以前,大雾最多发生在12月第四周;2002以后,大雾最多发生时间开始后移至次年1月第一周。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation and temporal distribution of the fog in Urumqi Airport. By using relevant climate statistical method, the hourly ground observation data from 1977 to 2013 （Jan, Feb, Mar, Nov and Dec） was analyzed. The heterogeneity characteristics of the fog for accumulative time were expressed by FCD（Fog-Concentration Degree） and FCP （Fog -Concentration Period）. The results showed that：（1）The occurrence of fog significantly increased during 1977 and 2013, and the rising rate of fog is larger than the dense fog, well the fog share of dense fog enterprises decreased. The Duration of fog is mainly less than 6h. （2）There are three stages of the airport fog in the 36 years, less-fog period （1977-1991） adjustment-fog period （1992-2001）and more-fog period （2002-2013）;（3）There was a negative correlation between the occurrence of fog and the visibility and the variation was significant;（4）The concentration ratio of airport fog occurrence time was high andChange fairly smooth, but in the more-fog period, the airport fog happened more frequently but the concentration ratio was low. Airport fog focused occurred in December and January, especially in the 4th week in December and the 1st week in January. Before 2002,the fog most centralized in the fourth week of December and after 2002, the FCP move to the first week in January.
出处
《沙漠与绿洲气象》
2015年第4期43-49,共7页
Desert and Oasis Meteorology
基金
气象小型建设项目-乌鲁木齐区域环境气象模式系统改进
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(NO:IDM2015001)联合资助
关键词
乌鲁木齐机场雾
气候特征
非均匀性特征
the fog in Urumqi Airport
climatic characteristics
fog-concentration degree （FCD）and fog-concentration period（FCP）
