摘要
目的调查陕西省康复医院2013年1月—2014年12月临床微生物标本检出致病菌株的构成情况与阳性率。方法分2013年1月—2013年12月和2014年1月—2014年12月两个时段采集2 606份临床标本,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行微生物检验检测,对比分析两个不同时段的流行病学分布特点。结果 2014年与2013年样本的革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌检出阳性率为24.6%、34.5%及假丝酵母菌的检出阳性率为6.7%、8.9%,2013与2014年之间革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌检出阳性率比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对两年中不同来源的样本进行比较,呼吸道、血培养、尿液、各种分泌物、各种穿刺液和粪便的微生物检验阳性率分别为31.0%、41.9%;10.8%、10.9%;67.5%、69.8%;45.1%、56.3%;44.8%、35.6%;13.3%、13.8%,其中呼吸道标本的微生物检验阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2014年与2013年相比,标本总阳性率降低,特别是呼吸道标本的阳性率明显降低;在病原菌构成上,2014年的革兰阴性菌分离率较2013年明显升高,革兰阳性菌分离率明显降低,该结果为预防控制致病菌的感染流行提供了重要依据,同时也为如何提高临床微生物标本阳性率找到切入点。
Objective To analyze the pathogenic composition and positive rate of microbiological tests for different clinical samples from 2013 to 2014 .Methods In accordance with“the National Regulations of Operation of Clinical Tests” ,a total of 2 606 samples were collected from two time periods （Jan .to Dec .2013 and Jan .to Dec .2014） ,and the epidemiological features of samples collected during these two different time periods were compared .Results The positive rates of Gram negative bacteria ,Gram positive bacteria and Candida in all the samples were 68 .7% vs .56 .1% ,24 .6% vs .34 .5% ,6 .7% vs .8 .9% （2014 vs .2013） respectively ,in which the positive rates of Gram negative bacteria and Gram positive bacteria were statistically different （P〈0 .05） .Samples from various sources during 2013 to 2014 were also compared , the positive rates of microbiological tests of respiratory passage ,blood ,urine ,secreta ,puncture fluid and excreta were 31 .0% vs .41 .9% ,10 .8% vs .10 .9% , 67 .5% vs .69 .8% ,45 .1% vs .56 .3% ,44 .8% vs .35 .6% ,13 .3% vs .13 .8% （2014 vs .2013） ,in which the positive rates of respiratory passage samples were more statistically significant （P〈0 .05） .Conclusions The total positive rate of the samples of 2014 was lower than that of 2013 ,and in particular ,the positive rate of respiratory passage samples was significantly lower .As to the pathogenic compositions ,the positive rate of gram‐negative bacteria of＆nbsp;2014 was significantly higher than that of 2013 while the isolation rate of gram‐positive bacteria was significantly lower .The analysis results provide evidence to effectively prevent and control the pathogens .
出处
《国外医学（医学地理分册）》
CAS
2015年第3期214-217,共4页
Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography
关键词
临床标本
微生物检验
病原菌
阳性率
clinical sample
microbiological test
pathogen
positive rate
