摘要
针对马铃薯等作物收获后的残膜所造成的"白色污染"难题,改进现有残膜回收机存在的捡膜能力低、漏膜、膜土分离难、缠膜、卸膜不净等问题,提出了一种链条导轨式地膜回收方案。链条上相邻两排错位排列的捡膜齿与起膜铲合理配置,提高残膜捡拾率;分列结构的地膜托板具有漏土功能,较好实现膜土分离;托板弹簧可实现捡膜齿与托板之间的间隙大小随捡膜输送量的多少而自动调整,有效防止输送过程中的丢膜和堵塞现象,保证残膜输送到集膜箱上方;捡膜齿在环形导轨之间向后上方滑动到卸膜端时逐渐后缩至退出环形导轨而实现膜齿分离,卸膜叶轮与卸膜导轨协调配合完成卸膜作业,有效解决卸膜过程中不易脱膜和缠膜的难题;起膜机构、捡膜机构和卸膜机构固联在固定架上,通过角度调节杆来对固定架的角度进行调节实现松土起膜铲入土角度的要求。设计制作了捡膜、卸膜、集膜于一体的链条导轨式地膜回收机。试验结果表明:机器能够一次完成松土起膜、残膜捡拾输送、卸膜和残膜收集作业,马铃薯收获后的残膜捡拾回收率在92%以上。该设计较好解决了马铃薯地膜机械化回收难题,并为其他作物地膜回收机械设计提供参考。
With the development of plastic film mulching cultivation technology, crop output increases substantially and crops are suitable for more areas. Consequently, a change of agricultural production mode and a leap of agricultural productivity occurred thereafter. However, with the application scope of the film expanding quickly, its side effects also emerges. Because of the “white pollution” caused by the remnant plastic film after potato etc. crops harvest, it is very important to solve the problem of low gathering film efficiency, leaking film, separating soil and film ,wrapping film, unloading film of the existing plastic film collector. In order to counter the problems mentioned above, and combine with agronomic requirements of potato, a new project of chain guide rail-type plastic film collection is designed in this paper. Loosening soil shovels and picking-up film teeth which are next to each other in a chain, cooperate together to improve the rate of gathering film. The pallet of mulching film is in row structure, which will be able to leak soil, and further boost the efficiency to separate soil and film. While operating correctly, shovels loose soil and picking-up film teeth penetrate plastic film to pick them up. Plastic film is transported through the gap between picking-up film tooth and pallet, and then scraped by unloading impeller to collecting tank. Pallet springs will realize the space of picking-up film tooth and Pallet adapt to the quantity of gathering film. Thus, the film will not be left over, lost and blocked. Also it is ensured the entire remnant mulching film is gathered and delivered to the top of collecting film box. Unloading impeller and guide rail cooperate with each other to unload, so that wrapping film becomes much easier. Picking-up film tooth is able to slide over backwards to the side of film-unloading between the circular rail, and retreat from the circular rail, in order to separate of the picking-up film teeth and the plastic film. Picking-up film agencies,gathering film agencies, unloading film agencies are installed together in bracket fixing. They can adjust the fixing bracket through the angle adjustment lever, change the angle of loosening soil shovel to adapt the requirement. This paper designs and invents a chain guide rail-type plastic film collector which includes the function of picking-up film, gathering film, uploading film and collecting film. Each component of the chain-type plastic film collector is modeled and the virtual assembly is finished by Pro/ENGINEER. At the same time, FEM analysis is carried out to study the stress and deformation of the structure of the key components. The experimental results show that： this machine named the chain guide rail-type plastic film collector can achieve the goal of picking-up film, gathering film, uploading film and collecting film all in one. Under the help of this machine, the gathering film rate is over 92% after the potatoes are harvested. The design solves the difficulty of mechanization in collecting the plastic potato film. Results show that the designed machine is able to pick up plastic film successfully after harvesting potatoes. And it can be applied to other crops as well. Therefore, this paper has both economic and social benefit.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第18期48-54,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
山东省现代农业技术体系创新团队岗位专家资助项目(SDAIT-10-011-10)
国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD11B04)
关键词
农业机械
农作物
土壤
地膜
回收
链条
导轨
托板
agriculture machinery
crops
soils
plastic film
collector
chain
guide rail
pallet
