摘要
青海湖是我国最大的内陆高原咸水湖,为社会提供了多项生态系统服务.开展青海湖湿地生态系统服务价值评估能用直观的经济数据揭示青海湖湿地生态系统对受益者的直接贡献,使青海湖湿地生态保护被纳入经济效益权衡的决策分析中.本文根据青海湖湿地生态系统特征及其所在区域社会经济特征,确定了青海湖湿地生态系统最终服务价值评估指标体系,并以2012年为基础年,综合运用市场价值法、替代成本法、区域旅行费用模型、条件价值法等方法定量评估了青海湖湿地生态系统提供给受益者的生态经济价值.结果表明:2012年青海湖湿地生态系统最终服务总价值为6749.08亿元,其中,水源涵养和气候调节价值分别为4797.57亿元和1929.34亿元,分别占总价值的71.1%和28.6%.对所评估的8项最终服务按其价值大小排序为:水源涵养>气候调节>休闲娱乐>非使用价值>释氧>原材料生产>固碳>食物生产.评估结果用直观的数字揭示了青海湖湿地生态系统对受益者的巨大贡献,不仅能提高管理者和公众的湿地保护认知,也为生态补偿标准制定提供了数据基础.评估指标体系为区分湿地生态系统中间服务(功能)和最终服务、开展湿地生态系统最终服务动态评估和优化管理提供了重要方向.
Qinghai Lake is the largest inland and salt water lake in China,and provides important ecosystem services to beneficiaries. Economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services from Qinghai Lake can reveal the direct contribution of lake ecosystems to beneficiaries using economic data,which can advance the incorporation of wetland protection of Qinghai Lake into economic tradeoffs and decision analyses. In this paper,we established a final ecosystem services valuation system based on the underlying ecological mechanisms and regional socio-economic conditions. We then evaluated the eco-economic value provided by the wetlands at Qinghai Lake to beneficiaries in 2012 using the market value method,replacement cost method,zonal travel cost method,and contingent valuation method. According to the valuation result,the total economic values of the final ecosystem services provided by the wetlands at Qinghai Lake were estimated to be 6749. 08 × 108 yuan RMB in2012,among which the value of water storage service and climate regulation service were 4797. 57× 108 and 1929. 34 × 108 yuan RMB,accounting for 71. 1% and 28. 6% of the total value,respectively. The economic value of the 8 final ecosystem services was ranked from greatest to lowest as： waterstorage service 〉 climate regulation service 〉 recreation and tourism service 〉 non-use value 〉 oxygen release service 〉 raw material production service 〉 carbon sequestration service 〉 food production service. The evaluation result of this paper reflects the substantial value that the wetlands of Qinghai Lake provide to beneficiaries using monetary values, which has the potential to help increase wetland protection awareness among the public and decision-makers, and inform managers about ways to create ecological compensation incentives. The final ecosystem service evaluation system presented in this paper will offer guidance on separating intermediate services and final services, and establishing monitoring programs for dynamic ecosystem services valuation with the aim of helping improve management outcomes.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期3137-3144,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201204201)资助
关键词
青海湖湿地
生态系统最终服务
受益者
直接贡献
Qinghai Lake Wetland
final ecosystem services
beneficiaries
direct contribution
