摘要
[Objective] To cultivate blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for automatic mechanical transplanting, the effects of seed soaking with uniconazole and substrate formula on seed germination and seedling quality of rapeseed were investigated using HY4 as the material. [Method] The rapeseed seeds were soaked in different concentrations（0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L） of uniconazole for 0, 1, 2, 4 and8 h, respectively. Subsequently, they were dried naturally. After the preliminary screening carried out in petri dishes and in a laboratory, the optimum soaking concentration and time of uniconazole were obtained. On the other hand, the rapeseed seeds were soaked in different concentrations（0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L） of uniconazole for 0, 1 and 2 h, respectively for outdoor pot experiment. At the same time, the screening of optimum substrate formula for cultivating blanket rapeseed seedlings was carried out. The field test was carried out to verify the screened optimum substrate formula. [Result] The results of petri dish experiment showed that seed soaking with uniconazole could delay seed germination, reduce seed germination rate, inhibit hypocotyl elongation and promote root growth. When the soaking concentration exceeded 30 mg/L and soaking time exceeded 2 h, the effect of seed soaking with uniconazole on seed germination was greater, and the seed soaking inhibited root growth. The results of outdoor pot experiment showed that the soaking concentrations and times all significantly reduced seedling height, slowed shoot growth and promoted root growth, which all contributed to the cultivation of blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for automatic mechanical transplanting. In the substrate formula, the lower the proportion of soil was, the better the seedling growth was. In the substrate with lower proportion of soil, the seed germination rate, plant height,root vigor and dry matter accumulation were all increased（P〈0.05）, which was verified by the field test. When the soaking concentration was less than 10 mg/L and soaking time was less than 1 h, the uniconazole showed weaker regulation effect on seedling growth, and the rapeseed seedlings were higher. In the substrate with soil proportion less than 50%, the adequate fertility relatively weakened the regulation effect of uniconazole on seedling growth, and the rapeseed seedlings were larger. [Conclusion] When the soaking concentration ranged within 15-20 mg/L and soaking time ranged within 1-2 h and the proportion of soil in substrate was 50%,the height of cultivated rapeseed seedlings was less than 18 cm, there were 5-6leaves remained on each plant and the nursing period was shortened to 30-40 d,which were all beneficial to industrial production.
[目的]为培育适合全自动机械移栽的毯状油菜苗,以HY4为材料,探讨烯效唑浸种和不同基质配比对油菜种子萌发及育苗质量的影响。[方法]以7个不同浓度（0、5、10、20、30、40和50 mg/L）的烯效唑溶液分别浸种0、1、2、4和8 h,自然晾干。经培养皿室内试验筛选,得到适宜的烯效唑浸种浓度和时间。以5个浓度（0、5、10、15、20 mg/L）分别浸种0、1和2 h进行室外盆钵试验,同时进行毯状菜苗的育苗基质配比筛选,在油菜适宜播期进行水稻秧盘育苗验证试验。[结果]培养皿试验结果表明,烯效唑浸种可延缓种子萌发,降低种子发芽率,抑制胚轴伸长,并促进根系生长。当浸种浓度大于30 mg/L或浸种时间超过2h,则对种子萌发影响较大且抑制根系生长。室外盆钵试验结果表明,4个烯效唑浸种浓度和时间能够有效降低苗高、延缓地上部生长、促进地下部生长,有利于培育高密度毯状机械移栽苗。育苗基质配比试验中,土壤配比量越少,越有利于幼苗生长,发芽率、株高、根系活力和干物质重增加,差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。油菜适宜播期水稻秧盘育苗试验结果与盆钵试验一致。烯效唑浸种浓度≤10 mg/L、浸种时间〈1 h时,对幼苗生长调控能力较弱,幼苗偏高。基质中土壤配比量〈50%时,肥力充足,相对弱化了烯效唑对幼苗生长的调控,幼苗较大。[结论]用15~20 mg/L烯效唑浸种1~2 h,育苗基质中土壤配比量为50%,可培育苗高≤18 cm、保有叶片5~6张、苗龄30~40 d的毯状机械移栽苗,实现工厂化生产。
基金
Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2014BAD11B03)
Jiangsu Agricultural"Three New Engineering"Project(SXGC2014301)~~
