摘要
目的通过了解北京市怀柔区2011—2014年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及预防处置情况,为更有效地开展怀柔区人狂犬病防控工作提供依据。方法对怀柔区2011—2014年狂犬病免疫预防门诊上报的13 743例狂犬病暴露者个案登记资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果怀柔区2011—2014年每年狂犬病暴露例数年均3 436例。动物致伤5—8月达到高峰,男女性别比1.30∶1,40~59岁组、20~29岁组及0~9岁组为狂犬病暴露高发年龄段,农民、在职人员、学龄前儿童为狂犬病暴露高危人群,致伤部位以下肢为主,其次手部。就诊的暴露者以Ⅱ级暴露为主（73.63%）,Ⅲ级暴露25.30%,Ⅲ级暴露中狂犬病免疫被动制剂使用率为49.73%。伤人动物中犬类占到91.65%,有主犬只伤人时1年内接种过狂犬疫苗的仅占24.19%。结论有效防控疫情,需针对重点人群,重点季节开展广泛的宣传动员。进一步规范狂犬病暴露预防处置工作,提高Ⅲ级暴露判定比例,提高Ⅲ级暴露者中狂犬病免疫被动制剂使用率。加强犬类管理,做好养犬登记,所有犬只均应进行强制性免疫。
[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and disposal measures of population exposed to rabies in Huairou District of Beijing from 2011-2014,provide the basis for effectively implementing the prevention and control of human rabies in Huairou District. [Methods]The data of people exposed to rabies,which were reported by rabies immune prevention clinics in Huairou District from 2011-2014,were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. [Results]During 2011-2014,there were averagely 3436 rabies-exposed cases per year in Huairou District. The peak season of injuries caused by animal was May to August. The ratio of male-to-female was 1.30∶1. Most of cases were people in 40-59,20-29 and 0-9 year-old age group.Farmers,in-service staff,and preschool children were the high risk population of rabies exposure. The site of injury was mainly on the lower extremities,followed by hand. 73.63% of rabies-exposed people in hospital were grade Ⅱ exposure,while grade Ⅲexposure accounted for 25.30%,and there were 49.73% of patients with grade Ⅲ exposure received immune globulin or serum injection. 91.65% of injuries were caused by dog,and only 24.19% of dogs which the owner can be found have been vaccinated against rabies in the last year. [Conclusion]It is important to carry out the extensive publicity according to key population and peak season,to effectively control the epidemic situation. Meanwhile,it is necessary to standardize the preventive and disposal measures of the rabies exposure,improve the percent of diagnosis for grade Ⅲ exposure,and enhance the injection rate of immune passive agents among patients with grade Ⅲ exposure. In addition,the management and registration of dogs should be strengthened,and all dogs should receive the compulsory immunization.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2015年第17期2411-2414,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
狂犬病暴露
动物致伤
预防处置
Exposed to rabies
Injuries caused by animal
Preventive and disposal measure
