摘要
为了解中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius （ Si）与光棘球海胆Strongylocentrotus nudus （ Sn）杂交后代的杂种优势及表型特征,以同期培育的中间球海胆（♀）与光棘球海胆（♂）种间杂交子一代（ Si♀＆#215; Sn♂）幼胆及自繁子一代幼胆为研究对象,对3种海胆的成活率、生长表现（生长速度和表型变异）和表型特征（管足色素细胞数量、骨片形状、棘刺的颜色和长度）进行了比较。结果表明：经过90 d的养殖,中间球海胆和光棘球海胆的最终成活率均为100%,杂交海胆为97%,但3种海胆间无显著性差异（ P〉0.05）；在0~60 d的养殖范围内,杂交海胆具有最快的特定生长率（4.00%/d）,且显著高于中间球海胆（2.91%/d）和光棘球海胆（3.15%/d）（P〈0.05）,而后两者之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,60~90 d时,3种海胆的特定生长率之间均无显著性差异（ P〈0.05）；试验结束时,杂交海胆体质量的变异系数（76.12%）显著高于光棘球海胆（63.81%）和中间球海胆（52.05%）（P〈0.05）,表明种间杂交显著增加了后代的遗传变异；光棘球海胆管足中色素细胞数量最多,中间球海胆最少,杂交海胆的色素细胞数量介于父母本之间；杂交海胆棘刺为浅紫色,介于中间球海胆的白色和紫海胆的深紫色之间,而棘长较父母本细短；与棘色和管足颜色不同,杂交海胆骨片两端的突起产生了新的变异。研究表明,在幼胆期杂交海胆的表型特征明显区别于父母本,具有更快的生长速度和更高的变异水平,具有较高的育种价值。
The survival, growth performance[specific growth rate（SGR） and coefficient of variation （CV）] and phenotypic characteristics （ count of chromatophore cells and ossicle shape on tube feet, and spine length and col-or） were compared in sea urchin hybrid juveniles of Strongylocentrotus intermedius （♀） ×S. nudus （♂） and the two purebred sea urchin offsprings to evaluate the heterosis. The 90 d feeding trial showed that both S. intermedius and S. nudus had survival rate of 100%, and the hybrids 97% at the end of the experiment, without significant difference （P〉0. 05）. However, there was significantly higher SGR （4. 00 %/d） in the hybrids than that in the parents （2.91 %/d in S. intermedius and 3. 15 %/d in S. nudus）（P〈0. 05）, without significant difference be-tween the two parental species （P〉0. 05）. From 60 days to 90 days, there was no significant difference among the three sea urchins （ P〉0 . 05 ） . The hybrids had significantly higher coefficient of variation for body weight of （76. 12%） than the S. intermedius（52. 05%） and S. nudus （63. 81%） at the end of the experiment（P〈0. 05）, indicating that interspecific hybridization significantly led to increase in genetic variation in hybrid offsprings. The maximal chromatophore cells were observed on the tube feet in S. nudus while the minimal ones were found in S. in-termedius. The hybrids showed the moderate number of chromatophore cells on tube feet. The hybrids had spines with a light purple color, between S. intermedius （white） and S. nudus （deep purple）, and thinner and shorter spines compared to the parental sea urchins. Unlike the colors of spines and tube feet, a new variation was ob-served at the ends of the ossicles on tube feet. The findings indicate that the hybrid juveniles has an obviously dif-ferent phenotype from that of the parents, and are characterized by good growth rate and higher level of variation, as a high breeding potential.
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期461-466,共6页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
辽宁省农业攻关及成果产业化项目(2014203005)
国家"863"计划现代农业技术领域重大项目(2012AA10A412)
关键词
中间球海胆
光棘球海胆
种间杂交
生长
变异
表型特征
Strongylocentrotus intermedius
S. nudus
hybrid
growth
variation
phenotypic characteristics
