摘要
为揭示棉花对涝渍胁迫的响应规律,于2008—2011年在武汉大学校园灌溉排水试验场开展了测坑试验研究,分析了涝渍胁迫不同形式(涝渍单一和涝渍综合)及不同生育期(蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期)对棉花形态(叶面积指数、茎粗和株高)和产量(籽棉和干物质)的影响,建立了'涝渍胁迫-形态特征-产量水平'结构方程模型,比较分析了各因子间的作用效果。结果表明:在形态响应方面,单渍胁迫即使历时更长,对棉花形态生长的影响仍小于单涝胁迫,而涝渍综合胁迫的抑制作用最大;蕾期和花铃期内遭遇涝渍综合胁迫均会显著(p<0.05)抑制棉花形态生长,而吐絮期内抑制作用很小;叶面积生长受涝渍胁迫的抑制作用最大,其余依次是茎粗和株高。在产量响应方面,单涝胁迫的减产作用大于单渍胁迫,与涝渍综合胁迫基本相同;花铃期内棉花遭受涝渍综合胁迫会导致显著减产,蕾期次之,而吐絮期内减产作用较小;籽棉产量受涝渍胁迫的减产作用比干物质产量大。涝渍胁迫对棉花产量的作用效果大于形态;在所选的涝渍胁迫单一和综合指标中,以涝渍时间单一指标(受涝期间累积地表受淹深度和累积超标地下水位SWFDH、受渍期间地下累积超标地下水位SEW30)最适合描述涝渍胁迫对棉花形态及产量的影响。
In order to reveal the response of cotton to waterlogging stress,lysimeter experiments were conducted in the Irrigation and Drainage Experiments Station of Wuhan University during 2008—2011.Effects of different waterlogging forms（ surface waterlogging,subsurface waterlogging and the combination of both） and different occurring growth stages（ bud stage,flowering and boll setting stage or boll opening stage） on cotton morphology（ leaf area index（ LAI）,stem diameter and plant height） and yield（ seed cotton and dry matter） were discussed. Structural equation modelings（ SEM） of yield and morphology characteristics related to waterlogging stress were established. Interactive relationships between these models were analyzed. The results showed that subsurface waterlogging stress inhibited the development of cotton morphology less than that of surface waterlogging stress,while the combination of surface and subsurface waterlogging stresses inhibited the growth most. Waterlogging stress occurred in bud stage,flowering and boll setting stage inhibited the development of morphology characteristics significantly（ p 0. 05）,while the inhibiting effect at boll opening stage was not significant. LAI,followed by stem diameter and plant height,was the most sensitive morphology index to describe the response of cotton morphology to waterlogging stress. The cotton yield reduction with subsurface waterlogging stress was less than that with surface waterlogging stress, while the reduction was almost the same when surfacewaterlogging stress or subsurface-surface waterlogging stress was occurred. Waterlogging stress occurred at flowering and boll setting stage reduced the yield most,followed by bud stage and boll opening stage in sequence. And the inhibiting effects of waterlogging stress on seed cotton yield were more than that on dry matter yield. According to SEM analysis,waterlogging stress effects on yield were more than that on morphology characteristics,and waterlogging temporal indices（ SWFDH and SEW30） were better than spatial indices（ SFW and SEW30） and SFEW30 in describing waterlogging stress effects on growth and yield of cotton.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期136-143,166,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379153
50979074)
'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD08B03)
关键词
棉花
涝渍胁迫
形态
产量
结构方程模型
Cotton Waterlogging stress Morphology Yield Structural equation modeling
