摘要
细沟侵蚀的特征、过程及形成机理研究一直是土壤侵蚀与沟蚀地貌学领域的研究热点。为了从微流域的尺度揭示细沟发育的特征及控制因素,以云南省元谋县秃秃瘠梁子某微流域为例,实地调查影响细沟形成的因素,通过野外测绘及Arc GIS9.3流域分析获取细沟及微流域形态参数。结果表明：细沟横断面宽度为0.22-0.75 m,深度为0.061-0.512 m,面积的变化范围为68.01-1 777.28 cm^2,宽深比的范围为0.848-3.517。细沟左、右沟沿线与沟底线皆于第1-8 m、第20 m至沟口的两段距离内大幅度变化,而在第8-20 m内变化不明显。细沟汇水面积与横断面面积间存在正相关关系。细沟的横断面宽度、深度及面积随距沟头距离的变化而变化,该变化不稳定但具有一定的趋势性。细沟坡面较缓处植被生长稀疏或者无植被生长,而沟口处坡度虽缓却生长植物。以上结果皆缘于汇流面积、局地坡度及植被的耦合作用。本研究不仅在理论上揭示微流域尺度细沟的形态规律及发育机制,也在实践上对水土流失的防治提供科学指导。
Characteristics,process and mechanism of rills are key hotspot in the field of soil erosion and gully erosion geomorphology. In order to reveal the developing characteristics and controlling factors at the micro-topography scale,based on the field survey and data collection at Tutujiliangzi in Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province,and with the support of Arc GIS,we worked out the shape parameters of watershed and rill. The results showed that the ranges of variation in the width,length,area of rill cross section were respectively in 0. 22-0. 75 m,0. 061-0. 512 m,and 68. 01-1 777. 28 cm^2. The variation of width / depth ratio ranged from 0. 848 to 3. 517. It was not obvious for the development of rill from 8thto 20^th m,but the shoulder-lines in left and right sides and the thalueg of will from 1^st to 8^th m and 20^th m to the end of rill were developing heavily. The area of cross section had a positive relationship with catchment area of rill. The width,length and area of rill cross section varied with the distance from rillhead to the cross section. The variety followed a certain trend but not stable. There were few and scattered plants in gentle slopes of the rill but other similar places had no vegetations. Plants existed in the gentle slopes at the exit of the rill. Rill slope controls the potential water energy and influences the developing process of rill. The effect of fastening soil of root system improves the ability of resisting soilerosion. These results are due to the coupling effect of catchment area, local slope degree and vegetations. This paper will not only reveal theoretically the regularity of rill forms and developing mechanism of rills at the micro-topography scale but also help to provide prevention measures for water and soil losses and environmental protection.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期24-30,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金"基于DEM的黄土高原流域侵蚀基准体系研究"(41101348)
关键词
干热河谷
微流域
细沟
形态
影响因素
dry-hot valley
micro-catchment
rill
morphology
influencing factors
