摘要
为研究喷灌和地面灌溉对小麦籽粒淀粉积累及其品质性状的影响,该文以中筋小麦百农矮抗58为试验材料,通过2012-2014年2个生长季的大田试验,以地面灌溉为对照,分析了喷灌对小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分积累过程、淀粉糊化特性等的影响。结果表明：1）与地面灌溉相比,喷灌显著提高了小麦总淀粉和支链淀粉的含量,降低了直链淀粉含量,进而降低了淀粉的直/支比;2）喷灌条件下小麦总淀粉和支链淀粉的积累量较地面灌溉分别显著提高了7.8%~8.0%和12.2%~12.5%（P〈0.05）;3）喷灌条件下小麦直链淀粉的积累量较地面灌溉显著降低了8.3%~11.4%（P〈0.05）;4）Logistics方程模拟淀粉积累过程表明,与地面灌溉相比,喷灌提高了小麦总淀粉和支链淀粉的最大积累速率、平均积累速率,但降低了直链淀粉的最大积累速率、平均积累速率;5）喷灌与地面灌溉条件下淀粉糊化特性表现出明显的不同：除糊化温度和糊化时间差异不显著外,喷灌小麦淀粉的高峰黏度、低谷黏度、稀懈值和最终黏度分别较地面灌溉提高了0.169~0.186、0.053~0.062、0.116~0.124和0.155~0.171 Pa·s（P〈0.05）。综上,与地面灌溉相比,喷灌有利于中筋小麦成熟期籽粒淀粉积累,并在一定程度上提高了中筋小麦淀粉品质。该研究可为小麦高产优质栽培提供理论依据。
Starch accumulation in wheat is a physiological process of transportation and conversion of photosynthetic assimilates into starch that determines grain yield and quality. The process of starch accumulation cannot only be affected by genetic factors, but also be regulated by environmental conditions. Sprinkler irrigation is one of the most advanced irrigation methods used worldwide and plays a vital role in wheat production in China. However, little is known about the starch accumulation characteristics and its quality variation of wheat grains under sprinkler irrigation. The objectives of this study were to quantify the difference between sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation in starch accumulation and starch quality properties of wheat grains. In order to achieve the objectives, field experiments were conducted during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 winter wheat growing seasons with medium-gluten wheat cultivar Bainong AK58 as a test material and surface irrigation as control. The experiment was carried out in Experimental Field of Henan Institute of Science and Technology（35°17＇N, 113°56＇E） located in Hongmen town of Xinxiang city, Henan, China. Content of starch and its component were determined according to the method of double-wave length. Starch pasting properties were measured by using the Rapid Visco Analyser. The accumulation courses of total starch, amylose and amylopectin were simulated by Logistics equation and then characteristic parameters of the curves were calculated.The results showed that： 1） Compared with surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation improved the total starch content and the content of amylopectin in wheat grains, and decreased the amylase content and amylose/amylopectin ratio; 2）The accumulated total starch content and amylopectin content each grain under sprinkler irrigation were significantly increased by 7.8%-8.0% and 12.2%-12.5%（P〈0.05）; 3）The accumulated amylose content each grain under sprinkler irrigation was significantly decreased by 8.3%-11.4%（P〈0.05）; 4） The accumulation courses of starch could be well fitted to the logistic equations by relating starch contents against days after anthesis with R2 of 0.995-0.999（P〈0.05）; Logistic simulation revealed that the higher total starch and amylopectin accumulation in a single grain under sprinkler irrigation resulted from the higher maximum and average accumulation rate while the lower amylose accumulation in a single grain under sprinkler irrigation resulted from the smaller maximum and average accumulation rate; 5） Compared with surface irrigation, the peak of viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown value and final viscosity of wheat flour under sprinkler irrigation were increased（P〈0.05） by 0.169-0.186, 0.053-0.062, 0.116-0.124 and 0.155-0.171 Pa·s, respectively; However sprinkler irrigation had no significant effect on the pasting time and pasting temperature of wheat flour. The results suggested that sprinkler irrigation improved starch accumulation and starch quality of medium-gluten wheat grain. This study may provide valuable information for the high-yield and good-quality cultivation of winter wheat.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第19期97-102,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(50909043)
农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室开放基金(CWRR200905)
河南科技学院青年骨干教师资助计划项目(060101)
关键词
灌溉
淀粉
籽粒
喷灌
地面灌溉
小麦
品质
irrigation
starch
grain
sprinkler irrigation
surface irrigation
winter wheat
quality
