摘要
以我国城市化快速发展和高强度人类扰动的长三角地区作为研究区域,以区域土地利用状况和碳排放量信息为关键数据源,利用景观格局指数定量分析长三角地区1990-2010年城市斑块大小、形状、规则性、破碎化程度、交通耦合度等城市形态特征对区域碳排放的影响。研究结果表明长三角地区碳排放存在明显的空间分异性,总体呈现中东南和西北部高、东北部次之、西南部最低的特征。1990-2010年区域碳排放量均呈快速增长趋势,其中1990-1995、1995-2000、2000-2005和2005-2010的平均增长率分别为40.55%、24.47%、70.71%和51.43%。研究时段内,道路密度(RD)、交通耦合度(CF)和最大斑块指数(LPI)对区域碳排放一直存在显著影响,表明长三角地区城市形态主要通过路网交通产生作用,进而影响碳排放。不同时间段,城市形态对碳排放的影响不尽一致,这可能与城市化的不同阶段经济发展水平存在差异有关。城市化初级阶段,区域碳排放量随着用地面积和道路密度的增加呈增加的趋势,而随着城市斑块数量、斑块聚合度和道路缓冲区的增加,碳排放量呈现减少的趋势。和1990、2000年相比,2010年增加了平均城市斑块最近邻距离(ENN_MN)对碳排放的影响,并且呈负相关,说明增加城市斑块最近邻距离有利于减少碳排放。就当前来看,增加道路缓冲区面积和斑块临近距离,减少城市最大斑块面积是当前从城市形态角度减少碳排放的有效途径。研究结果可加深对城市形态与区域碳排放的客观认识,对于优化城市形态、控制区域碳排放具有实证案例和借鉴意义。
Based on the regional land use information and carbon emission data from 1990 to 2010, this paper analyses the relationship between urban forms and regional carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta （YRD） where suffers from intensive human disturbance and rapid urbanization. Urban forms are characterized by landscape metrics including the size, shape, regularity, fragmentation and traffic coupling factor of urban patches. The results show that,①the carbon emissions in YRD show significant spatial heterogeneities with high value in the middle, the southeast and northwest and low value in the southwest;② the carbon emissions increase rapidly from 1990 to 2010 with the average growth rate of 40.55% （ 1990 - 1995 ）, 24.47% （ 1995 - 2000 ）, 70.71% （ 2000 - 2005 ） and 51.43% （2005-2010） respeetively;③road density （RD）, traffic coupling factor （CF） and the largest urban patch index （LPI） have the most significant impacts on regional carbon emissions which illustrated that urban forms affect the carbon emissions mainly through a wide variety of transportation ;④ the urban forms affect carbon emissions differently during the various stages of urbanization process. In the primary stage of urbanization, the growth of total urban areas and road density caused the increase of regional carbon emissions, while the increase of urban patch numbers, degree of polymerization and road buffer could reduce the regional carbon emissions. Compared with 1990 and 2010, the increasing mean euclidean nearest neighbor distance （ENN_MN） in 2010 was negatively correlated with carbon emissions which could reduce the carbon emissions. Currently, it＇ s an efficient way from the perspective of urban forms by increasing the areas of road buffer, urban patches＇ nearest neighbor distance and reducing the areas of the largest urban patches to control the gross amounts of carbon emissions. The results could provide further objective understanding of urban forms and regional carbon emissions as an empirical case and significant reference for optimizing urban forms and controlling regional carbon emissions.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期44-51,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"长三角地区碳源/汇时空演变及其与经济和城市化水平的协调发展研究"(编号:41471076)
国家自然科学基金项目"城市化对城市生态系统碳循环过程的影响机制研究--以上海为例"(编号:41201092)
关键词
城市形态
区域碳排放
长三角地区
景观格局指数
逐步回归分析
urban forms
regional carbon emissions
Yangtze River Delta
landscape metrics
stepwise regression analysis
