5KIEFNER J E, BARNES C R, GERTLER R C, et al. Experimental verification of hot tap welding thermal analysis. Final Report-Phase II -Volume 2, Liquid propane experiments[R]. Columbus: Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Repair and Hot Tap Welding Group, 1983.
6BRUCE W A. Welding onto in-service thin-wall pipelines[R]. South San Francisco: PRCI, 2013.
7DAVID James Horsley. Large-diameter large-ratio hot tap tees[D]. Calgary: University of Calgary, 1998.