摘要
药源性男性乳腺发育症是药物引起的男性体内雌激素和雄激素水平失衡进而导致乳房异常增大的病症，其在男性乳腺发育症中占10%-25%。酮康唑、螺内酯、伊马替尼、比卡鲁胺、非那雄胺、西咪替丁等常用药物均可诱发男性乳腺发育症，临床表现为乳房胀痛、压痛、泌乳等症状，实验室检查可发现患者血清和尿液中雌二醇、雌三醇水平升高，血清促黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素以及睾酮水平降低。药源性男性乳腺发育症患者停药后症状不能消退者可给予他莫昔芬治疗，乳腺发育时间超过1年或药物治疗不佳者，可手术切除乳腺组织。
Drug-induced gynecomastia with the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue was reported to cause an imbalance between estrogen and androgen action then lead to an increased estrogen to androgen ratio by drugs. Drugs are estimated to cause about 10%-25% of all cases of gynecomastia. Some commonly used drugs, such as spironolactone, ketoconazole, imatinib, bicalutamide, finasteride, cimetidine can cause gynecomastia. Clinical manifestations of drug-induced gynecomastia cause breast pain, tenderness or galactorrhea. Estradiol and estriol increased, while luteinizing hormone （LH）, follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, and testosterone decreased in the laboratory tests. In the patients with drug-induced gynecomastia the causative medications should be withdrawn; if gynecomastia persists, the patients can be treated with tamoxifen. Surgery can be performed if treatment with tamoxifen was not effective or the clinical manifestations persist for one year.
出处
《药物不良反应杂志》
CSCD
2015年第5期357-360,共4页
Adverse Drug Reactions Journal
