摘要
在中国,现阶段大规模劳动力由欠发达地区向发达地区外流,而产业则由发达地区向欠发达地区逐渐转移,二者形成鲜明的"逆流"态势。大规模产业区际转移为何没有发生?劳动力外流刚性给产业转移带来何种影响?本文通过将劳动力流动内生化,拓展与修正了核心一边缘模型,将要素区分为可转移要素和不可转移要素,考察各自对产业转移的差异化影响,并重点测算劳动力转移刚性,探讨其对产业转移影响的内在传导机制。通过劳动力流动短期均衡和长期空间均衡的数值模拟以及对1993—2013年沿海地区制造业转移的经验研究发现,劳动力外流刚性阻碍了产业区际转移,不仅降低了产业转移规模,而且使得产业转移增量形成了低劳动密集度的生产安排,在其他条件不变的前提下,劳动力流动规模越大、外流刚性越强,对产业转移造成的内在障碍越明显。因此,政府主导的产业转移和行政命令式的劳动力要素配置不可持续,中央政府顶层设计应转向实现产业转移与劳动力流动的激励相容,转出地和承接地的地方政府应发挥既竞争又合作的协同效应,实现二者间差异化的产业定位以及劳动力要素与产业在时空上的合理匹配与有机耦合。
In China, large scale labors outflow from the underdeveloped areas to developed areas while industries shift from developed regions to developing regions gradually. There is a sharp situation of ＂contra flow＂ between the two phenomena. Why does the large-scale regional industrial transfer not happen？ What impacts the labor＇s outflow rigidity bring to industrial transfer？ This paper expands the core-periphery model of new geographical economics through the internalization of labor mobility and differentiates transferable factors from non- transferable factors. Then this paper investigates the two kinds of factors＇ different impacts on the industrial transfer respectively and mainly discusses the internal mechanism of labor mobility＇s impact on that. From the numerical simulation of labor mobility＇s short-term equilibrium and long-term space equilibrium and empirical researches based on the manufacturing industrial transfer of coastal regions in China from 1993 to 2013, this paper infers that rigidity of labor＇s outflow hinders the inter-regional industrial transfer, and the bigger labor mobility, the stronger outflow rigidity is, the more obvious the internal barriers of industrial transfer are. Therefore, the government-led industrial transfer and administrative imperative labor resource distribution are unsustainable. The top-level design of central government should turn to realize the incentive compatibility both. The local governments both transfer-area and the undertake-area should play the synergistic effect of both competition and cooperation to create different industry positioning and the reasonable matching and organic coupling between labor elements and industries in time and space.
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第11期94-108,共15页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经济增长潜力和动力研究”(批准号14ZDA023)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目“劳动力流动与江苏新型城镇化协同机制研究”(批准号2014ZDIXM016)
江苏省社会科学应用研究(人才发展)重点课题“江苏战略性新兴产业人才的就业效应研究--基于不同层次人才异质性分解的视角”(批准号15SRA-8)
关键词
劳动力转移刚性
产业转移
核心一边缘模型
可转移要素
不可转移要素
labor mobility rigidity
industrial transfer
core-periphery model
transferable factors
non-transferable factors
