摘要
[目的]探讨郑州市机车乘务员职业紧张相关因素对睡眠障碍的影响,为提高机车乘务员睡眠质量提供科学依据。[方法]选择郑州铁路局郑州机务段1 500名机车乘务员进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括基本情况、睡眠障碍(睡眠障碍问卷)、付出回报失衡[付出-回报失衡模式(ERI)量表]和职业紧张相关因素(职业紧张指标量表)。分别以ERI系数的取值1.0,或职业紧张影响因素评分的均值为界,把研究对象分为高、低水平组;进行组间睡眠障碍评分的比较(t检验),采用多元逐步回归分析比较不同水平组间紧张反应与睡眠障碍评分关系。[结果]回收有效问卷1 448份,有效回收率为96.53%。调查对象全部为男性,睡眠障碍率为51.4%。不同水平组间睡眠障碍评分比较结果显示:ERI、付出、负性情绪、抑郁症状、每日紧张感5个因素,低水平组得分均低于高水平组(均P<0.05);而回报、正性情绪、自尊感、上级支持、同事支持、社会支持、应付策略、控制策略、支持策略、工作满意感10个因素,低水平组得分均高于高水平组(均P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析提示:抑郁症状、付出和每日紧张感与睡眠障碍呈正相关(b'=0.356、0.310、0.179),工作满意感和支持策略与睡眠障碍呈负相关(b=-0.072、-0.040)。[结论]职业紧张相关因素对郑州市机车乘务员睡眠障碍有一定的影响。应采取综合的对应措施进行干预,以改善机车乘务员的睡眠质量。
[ Objective ] To examine the effect of occupational stress related factors on sleep disorder of locomotive drivers in Zhengzhou, so as to provide scientific evidence to improve their sleep quality. [ Methods ] A total of 1500 locomotive drivers registered to Zhengzhou Locomotive Depot, Zhengzhou Railway Bureau were selected and investigated on general information, sleep disorder （Sleep Disorder Questionnaire）, effort-reward imbalance （ERI） （Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire）, and occupational stress related factors （Occupational Stress Inventory）. Bounded by the ERI coefficient value of 1.0 or the average score of influencing factors for occupational stress, the participants were divided into high or low stress level group. The sleep disorder scores between two groups were compared by t test. The sleep disorder scores in association with different stress levels were assessed by multivariate step-wise regression analysis. [ Results ] A total of 1448 valid questionnaires were returned, and the valid return rate was 96.53%. All the study participants were male with a sleep disorder rate of 51.4%. The low level group versus the high level group reported lower scores of ERI, effort, negative emotion, depressive symptoms, and daily tension （all P〈0.05） and higher scores of reward, positive emotion, self-esteem, supervisor support, peer support, social support, coping strategy, control strategy, support strategy, and job satisfaction （all P 〈 0.05）. The results of multivariate step-wise regression analysis showed that depressive symptoms, effort, and daily tension were positively associated with sleep disorder （b＇=0.356, 0.310, 0.179）, and job satisfaction and support strategy were negatively associated （b=-0.072 and -0.040）. [ Conclusion-] Occupational stress related factors may have impact on sleep disorder of the locomotive drivers in Zhengzhou. In order to improve the sleep quality of the locomotive drivers, corresponding intervention measures should be considered.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期1003-1007,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
郑州铁路局科技研究课题(编号:2012Q17)
关键词
职业紧张
睡眠障碍
机车乘务员
每日紧张感
多元逐步回归分析
occupational stress
sleep disorder
locomotive driver
daily tension
multivariate step-wise regression analysis
