摘要
人行为是影响建筑能耗的重要因素,近几年成为建筑能耗模拟领域的研究热点。在过去的几十年中已有大量的相关研究,致力于通过实测建立事件或环境相关的人行为模型,但是,目前的人行为研究中还需要进一步发展,以满足工程实际的需要。本文回顾了人行为研究的研究现状,总结了在研究方法上现存的问题,从数据采集、模型建立、模型验证和软件开发4个从建模到应用的阶段,提出了人行为研究的未来展望。并讨论了人行为研究中尚存在的一些共性问题,例如:在实测中应进一步探讨采样的规模和实验室研究的可行性,建立人行为模型时应明确模型面向的应用层次,合理的数学形式、参数选择的方法、多因素多行为多人的模拟等尚待研究,针对模型的验证应以实际应用为指向确定验证的指标,采取科学有效的验证方法,以及在人行为相关软件的开发中,应定义良好的软件结构和接口,建立统一的描述框架,以相对独立的模块形式实现和模拟软件的交互。希望这些探讨能为将来的人行为研究提供新的思路,以推动人行为和建筑能耗模拟事业的发展。
Occupant behavior is one of the significant factors that influence building energy consumption,which has been widely studied in the building simulation field recently. Meanwhile,there are still many limitations in current research methodologies. This paper reviews the current state of occupant behavior research,and summarizes the obstacles in methodologies,as well as provides the perspectives in occupant behavior research from the four procedures which would be inevitably undertook from modeling to application： data collection,model development,model validation and software development. The opinions are that the scale of data collection,and the feasibility to study occupant behavior in laboratories should be discussed; the specific level of application of a model should be identified before building it; the mathematical form,the selected influencing factors,and the modeling of multiple factors,behaviors and occupants should be further studied; model validation should start with the application of the model and apply the related indicators to the application; Scientific and effective methods are to be developed to validate an occupant behavior model; the flexible software architecture,and the common interface and framework to describe occupant behavior should be built; the software module to simulate occupant behavior would be relatively independent,allowing it to combine with various building energy simulation programs. The discussion in this paper aims to provide novel perspectives on occupant behavior research in the future to promote the development ofoccupant behavior and building energy simulation.
出处
《建筑科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期178-187,共10页
Building Science
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"建筑节能基础数据的采集与分析和数据库建立"(2012BAJ12B01)
IEA Annex 66国际合作项目"建筑中人行为定义与模拟"(Definition and Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings)
关键词
人行为
建筑模拟
建筑能耗
occupant behavior
building simulation
building energy
