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不同孕前体质指数孕妇葡萄糖耐量试验血糖值的特点及妊娠期糖尿病的检出率 被引量:36

Characteristics of oral glucose tolerance test in 9 803 pregnant women of different pre-pregnancy body mass index and its relationship with the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus
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摘要 目的探讨不同孕前体质指数(BMI)孕妇口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OG'IT)血糖值的特点,及妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的检出率。方法收集2011年7月1日--2013年12月31日在北京大学第一医院行75gOGTT检查并分娩的9803例孕妇的临床资料,按孕前BMI不同分为4组,孕前BMI〈18.5kg/m2为轻体质量组(1221例),孕前BMI18.5—23.9kg/m2为正常体质量组(6594例),孕前BMI24.0~27.9kg/rn。为超重组(1549例);孕前BMI≥28.0kg/m2为肥胖组(439例)。75gOGTT结果3项中任意1项异常即诊断为GDM。对各组孕妇75gOGTT血糖值进行比较,分析各组孕妇75gOGTT血糖值异常的特点及GDM的检出率。结果(1)9803例孕妇平均年龄(30.5±3.7)岁,平均孕前体质量(57.7±9.0)kg,平均身高(162.8±4.9)crn,平均孕前BMI(21.8±3.2)kg/m2。75gOGTT不同时间点血糖值均呈正态分布。(2)随着孕前BMI增加,75gOGTT血糖值逐渐升高,轻体质量组孕妇空腹、1h、2h血糖分别为(4.55±0.34)、(7.31±1.54)、(6.38±1.23)mmol/L,正常体质量组分别为(4.65±0.38)、(7.70±1.59)、(6.70±1.27)mmol/L,超重组分别为(4.82±0.47)、(8.29±1.67)、(7.04±1.29)mmol/L,肥胖组分别为(4.94±0.48)、(8.56±1.64)、(7.10±1.35)mmol/L,各组孕妇不同时间点血糖值分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。(3)9803例孕妇中诊断GDM2133例,GDM检出率为21.76%(2133/9803)。2133例GDM孕妇中75gOGTT血糖值1项异常者1374例(64.42%,1374/2133),/〉2项异常者759例(35.58%,759/2133)。其中,轻体质量组孕妇GDM检出率为12.53%(153/1221),正常体质量组孕妇为19.71%(1300/6594),超重组孕妇为32.73%(507/1549),肥胖组孕妇为39.41%(173/439),正常体质量组孕妇与其他3组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05);同时显示,随孕前BMI增加,4组孕妇中75gOGTT血糖值≥2项异常者的比例显著增加。结论随着孕前BMI逐渐增加,孕妇75gOGTY血糖值异常项数增加,GDM检出率也明显增加;孕前体质量超重或肥胖是GDM发病的高危因素。 Objective To investigate the values and characteristics of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and to evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Medical records of 9 803 pregnant women attending the Peking University First Hospital and delivered between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes across different degrees pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated. We divided participants into 4 groups based on pre-pregnancy BMI, underweight: BMI〈18.5 kg/m2 (1 221 cases), normal weight: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 (6 594 cases), overweight: 24-27.9 kg/m2 (1 549 cases), obesity: I〉28.0 kg/m2 (439 cases). The diagnosis of GDM was made when any one of the values was met or exceeded in 75 g OGTT. The characteristics of 75 g OGTT and the incidence of GDM were analyzed. Results ( 1 ) The average age, pre-pregnancy weight, height and pre-pregnancy BMI of the participants was (30.5±3.7) years, (57.7±9.0) kg, (162.8±4.9) cm and (21.8±3.2) kg/m2, respectively. All the values of 75 g OGTT were presented normal distribution. (2)There was statistical difference in the glucose levels among women with different pre-pregnancy BMI. The fasting, 1-hour, 2-hour glucose were (4.55 ± 0.34), (7.31± 1.54), (6.38± 1.23) mmol/L in underweight women, (4.65±0.38), (7.70± 1.59), (6.70± 1.27) mmol/L in normal weight women, (4.82±0.47),(8.29±1.67),(7.04±1.29) mmol/L in overweight women and (4.94±0.48), (8.56± 1.64), (7.10± 1.35) mmol/L in obesity women (P〈0.01 ). (3) The incidence of GDM was 21.76%(2 133/9 803) in our study. There were 1 374 cases (64.42%, 1 374/2 133)with only one abnormal OGTF value while 759 cases (35.58%, 759/2 133)with two or more abnormal values. The incidence of GDM in women with underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 12.53%( 153/1 221 ),19.71%( 1 300/ 6 594),32.73% (507/1 549) and 39.41% (173/439), respectively (P〈0.05). Meanwhile, the incidence of women with two and more abnormal OGTF value in GDM was increased as the pre-pregnancy increasing. Conclusion The risk of GDM is increased as pre-pregnancy BMI increasing, and the risk of GDM increases significantly in women with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity.
出处 《中华妇产科杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2015年第11期830-833,共4页 Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
基金 国家自然科学基金(81341020) 国家科技支撑计划(2015BA113806)
关键词 超重 糖尿病 妊娠 人体质量指数 葡糖耐量试验 血糖 Overweight Diabetes, gestational Body mass index Glucose tolerance test Blood glucose
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