摘要
目的 研究建立非接触式三维扫描的人体头面部测量方法,与传统的手工测量结果进行比较,对三维扫描的人体测量方法和结果进行评价. 方法 采用定制的非接触式三维扫描设备,对150名男性飞行员进行头面部扫描,获取人体头面部三维点云模型.同时采用传统手工测量方法测量每名受试者头面部15项人体数据.对扫描模型进行去噪、修补等处理,在三维扫描图像上标注测点,计算测量项目.每个扫描图像上完成23个测点标注和15个测量项目的计算.两种测量方法的测点和测量项目的定义完全一致.采用大样本配对t检验,对两种测量方法的测量结果进行统计学分析. 结果 通过两种测量方法获得了150名受试者头面部15项人体测量数据,统计得到两种测量方法每个测量项目的数据范围（最大值和最小值）、平均值和标准差,以及每个测量项目差值的数据范围、平均值和标准差.其中测量项目差值的平均值＜2.0 mm的有5项,2.0～4.0 mm的有4项,＞4.0～8.0 mm的有6项.3个测量项目两种测量方法结果差异无统计学意义,2个测量项目差异处于统计学临界（t=1.961、2.019）,其他10个测量项目差异均有统计学意义（t=3.725～12.712,P＜0.01）. 结论 三维扫描的人体测量方法与手工测量方法测量结果虽有差异,但测量的数值范围和偏离程度均处于正常范围.三维扫描测量可用于一般工程设计和采用分型分号的人体装备设计.测点的精确定位和测量人员的技能对测量结果有较大影响,可进一步改进.三维扫描的人体头面部测量方法是一种可用的快速测量方法.
Objective To study the head anthropometric measurements from scanning 3-D images,and to evaluate the scanning techniques against traditional direct head anthropometric measurements.Methods We captured 150 Chinese male pilots＇ head 3-D images by a special designed non-contact scan system and got their 3 D cloudform model.Meanwhile we measured 15 parameters by direct head anthropometric measurements.The scanned models were treated by denoising and mending procedure.We marked the measurements on each scanned imagine and computed the measuring items.Each scanned imagine was done by 23 measuring marks and the computation on 15 measuring items.The same definitions were used both on direct measurements and scanned models.The large-scale paired-samples t test was used to analyze the differences between two measuring methods.Results We got the 15 head anthropometric measurements from 150 pilots by two methods.The data scope （maximum value and minimum value）,mean value and standard deviation were obtained by statistical analysis.Among the mean deviations of 15 measurements,5showed the deviation〈2.0 mm,4 within 2.0 4.0 mm,and6 within〉4.0 to 8.0 mm.We found no statistically significances in 3 items,2 were at critical value difference （t=1.961,2.019）,and 10 were with significant differences （t=3.725-12.712,P〈0.01）.Conclusions Although the direct measurement and scanning results exist difference,but the difference on scope and deviation are in normal range.The scanning based measurement can be used in general engineering design and human device design for series models and sizes.Accurately locating measurements and operator＇s skill would greatly influence the measurement and need to improve.The results indicate that the scanning method is an applicable tool for rapid head anthropometric measurement.
出处
《中华航空航天医学杂志》
CSCD
2015年第3期208-214,F0004,共8页
Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine
基金
军内科研计划项目（KJ2010366）
