摘要
土库曼斯坦油气资源丰富,是重要的能源生产国和出口国,经济产业结构单一,天然气是国民经济发展的重要支柱,是获取外汇收入、财政收入的主要来源之一。土独立后确定了"能源富国战略",但由于历史因素和地缘政治的影响,长期以来其天然气出口受制于俄罗斯。俄对土拥有一种"能源权力",土在天然气出口的数量和价格上没有话语权,难以实现利益最大化。为摆脱这种权力结构,发展本国经济,从保障能源安全、增加国内投资、改善民生的角度出发,土开始积极推行天然气出口多元化战略。经过近20多年努力,迄今已成功建成通往中国、伊朗的天然气通道,多元化出口格局初步形成。为进一步扩大天然气出口,避免"一家独大",土希望开辟新的出口通道,如建设面向南亚的TAPI管道(土库曼—阿富汗—巴基斯坦—印度)和面向欧洲市场的跨里海天然气管道。这两条管道取得了进展,但也面临障碍。中国和俄罗斯将是土扩大天然气出口的现实可行方向。
Turkmenistan, rich in oil and gas resources, is an important energy producing and exporting country with a single industrial structure. Natural gas is an important pillar for Turkmenistan national economy. Meanwhile, it is also one of the main sources of foreign exchange income and financial income. After independence, Turkmenistan has settled its ＂strategy in enriching the country through energy＂. Nevertheless, due to historic factors and geopolitical influences, its natural gas exports have been subject to Russia for a long period. Russia has a kind of ＂energy power＂ for Turkmenistan, which does not have any discourse power in quantity and price of natural gas exports. As a result, it is difficult for Turkmenistan to maximize its benefits. In order to get rid of this power structure and develop its national economy, Turkmenistan begins to implement actively its diversification strategy of natural gas exports through protecting energy security, increasing domestic investment and improving the people＇s livelihood. After nearly 20-year efforts, so far, Turkmenistan has successfully constructed natural gas passage to China and Iran. A diversified export pattern has been preliminarily completed. In order to further expand the export of natural gases and to avoid ＂dominance by one country＂, Turkmenistan hopes to open up new export channels, such as the construction of the TAPI pipeline oriented at South Asia （Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India） and across-the Caspian Sea natural gas pipeline oriented at the European market. Progress has been made while there also exist obstacles against these two pipelines. China and Russia will be feasible options for Turkmenistan in expanding its gas exports.
出处
《俄罗斯研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期75-96,共22页
Russian Studies
基金
2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“丝绸之路经济带建设与中国对外开放战略研究”(项目批准号:14ZDA076)
教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“乌克兰危机下俄罗斯能源战略‘转向’与中俄油气合作研究”(项目批准号:15YJCGJW005)的阶段性成果
关键词
土库曼斯坦
天然气出口
多元化战略
实证主义
Turkmenistan, Natural Gas Export, Diversification Strategy,Positivism
