摘要
本文在语法化理论框架下,梳理了表祭名义＂有＂的历时演化过程,对＂有＂在名词、动词、形容词前的虚化用法给出了一致性的解释。认为＂有＂最初是祭祀动词,在高频使用中,逐渐具备祭祀通称词的特征,导致＂有＂与其他祭祀动词连用的并列结构被重新分析,从而语法化为语气助词＂有＂。后来在扩展使用过程中,又语法化出音节助词用法。战国以后,由于＂有＂的祭名义逐渐被剥离,虚化意义的＂有＂失去了语义源头,逐渐消亡。
From the perspective of grammaticalization theory,the sacrificial sense of the Chinese word ＂you（有）＂ and its evolution are examined,and the consistency of interpretation is given for ＂you＂ put before the nouns,verbs and adjectives.It is believed that ＂you＂ originated from religious ceremony as a verb meaning sacrifice.Because of reinterpretation,it developed as an attitude auxiliary,showing the speaker＇s tones of respect,religiosity,majestic,sacred and penitence.The Western Zhou Dynasty has witnessed none of such sacrificial sense of ＂you＂,and then the usage of ＂you＂ as an attitude auxiliary is gradually dying out.
出处
《中国文字研究》
CSSCI
2015年第1期165-171,共7页
The Study of Chinese Characters
基金
上海市高校一流学科(B类)建设计划规划项目成果
上海师范大学2015年度人文社科基金项目资助
关键词
“有”
祭名
语气助词
语法化
甲骨文
＂you（有）＂
sacrificial sense
attitude auxiliary
grammaticalization
oracle
