摘要
【目的】探索红壤旱地重茬芝麻高产健身栽培技术,为提高芝麻种植效益提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组设计,按不同施用方法设常规氮磷钾肥(K_1,对照)、常规氮磷钾肥+硫磺(K_2)、常规氮磷钾肥+石灰(K_3)、常规氮磷钾肥+硫磺+石灰(K_4)、改进氮磷钾肥施用方法1(K_5)、改进氮磷钾肥施用方法2(K_6)等6个处理,研究不同处理对重茬芝麻的主要农艺性状指标、产量、产量构成因素、病情指数等影响。【结果】K_2处理的农艺性状总体上优于其他处理,其每蒴粒数和千粒重显著高于K_3处理(P<0.05,下同),K_2处理的产量为1254.0 kg/ha,显著高于对照K_1,增产10.9%。K_2处理的防效为19.9%,K_3处理的为8.5%;不同施肥处理之间的蒴果数、每蒴粒数、千粒重差异均不显著(P>0.05),K_5处理的产量为1290.0 kg/ha,显著高于K_1,增产14.1%,K_5处理的防效为6.9%,K_6的为7.9%。【结论】不同杀菌剂对芝麻产量和茎点枯病均有较大程度的影响,尤其是硫磺的效果较明显。氮肥作为基肥+初花肥和钾肥作为基肥的总体效果优于氮肥作为基肥+苗肥及钾肥作为基肥+苗肥或氮肥作为苗肥+初花肥及钾肥作为基肥。
[Objective]In order to provid theoretical reference for improving planting benefit of sesame,the high-yield and healthy cultivation techniques of sesame in red-soil dryland were investigated.[Method]With continuous cropping sesame as materials,the field experiment was conducted according to randomized block design by different treatment methods viz.,conventional NPK fertilizer（K_1）as control,conventional NPK fertilizer＋sulfur（K_2）,conventional NPK fertilizer＋lime（K_3）,conventional NPK fertilizer＋sulfur＋lime（K_4）,the first improved application method of NPK fertilizer（K_5）,the second improved application method of NPK fertilizer（K_6）.Then the main agronomic trait indexs,yield,yield component,disease index of sesame were determined.[Result]On the whole,the main agronomic characters of sesame under K_2 treatment were superior to those of sesame under other treatments,and the grain number per capsule and 1000-grain weight of sesame under K_2 treatment were higher significantly than those of sesame under K_3 treatment（P0.05,the same below）.Moreover,the yield of sesame under K_2 treatment was 1254.0 kg/ha,which was significantly increased by10.9%compared with that under K_1 treatment.The disease control efficiencies of K_2 and K_3 were 19.9%and 8.5%,respectively.Furthermore,there was no significant difference in capsule number per plant,grain number per capsule and1000-grain weight of sesame between different treatment methods（P0.05）.The yield of sesame under K_5 treatment was1290.0 kg/ha,which was significantly increased by 14.1%compared with that under K_1 treatment,the disease control efficiencies of K_5 and K_6 were 6.9%and 7.9%,respectively.[Conclusion]Different bactericides showed great influence on yield and Phoma blight of sesame,especially sulfur.Furthermore,the effects of nitrogen as basal fertilizer（50%）＋flowering fertilizer（50%） and potash as basal fertilizer（100%） were better than those of nitrogen as basal fertilizer（50%） ＋seedling fertilizer（50%） and potash as basal fertilizer（50%）＋seedling fertilizer（50%）,or nitrogen as seedling fertilizer（50%）＋first flowering fertilizer（50%）＋potash as basal fertilizer.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期1970-1974,共5页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-15)
江西省科技支撑计划项目(2011BBF60036)
关键词
芝麻
杀菌剂
施肥时期
产量
病情指数
sesame
bactericide
fertilization application time
yield
disease index
