摘要
目的:比较主动和被动两种不同着地模式下,下肢运动学、冲击力特征、软组织振动和肌肉活化模式,以及全面理解人体下肢着地冲击的神经-肌骨系统调控机制。方法:选取12名体育教育专业篮球专项男性运动员,受试者随机进行3种下落高度(30cm、45cm、60cm)×两种下落方式的测试,每组测试重复3次。主要选择运动学、冲击力、软组织振动以及肌电图学相关参数进行分析。结果:3种高度条件下的触地瞬间和缓冲期,主动着地相比于被动着地,髋关节和膝关节的关节角度显著减小(P<0.05),角速度明显增大(P<0.05)。3种高度条件下,主动着地的冲击力峰值(P<0.05)、最大负载率(P<0.05)、冲击力频率(P<0.05)均显著小于被动着地。股四头肌(除60cm)和腘绳肌在3种高度情况下,主动着地的加速度最大振幅均显著小于被动着地(P<0.01)。股四头肌和腘绳肌的软组织阻尼在3种高度情况下,主动着地均显著大于被动着地(P<0.05)。在触地前激活、触地后激活和缓冲阶段,主动着地部分肌肉的肌电振幅均显著大于被动着地(P<0.05)。结论:主动着地情况下,人体可以通过积极调整肌骨系统的落地策略,有效减少冲击传递下的软组织振动,进而达到有效完成动作控制和降低运动损伤风险的作用。相反,被动着地时,肌骨系统需要承受更大的冲击力和相应软组织的振动,进一步增加了冲击损伤的危险。
Objective：To examine the kinematics,impact force,tissue vibration and muscle activity during active landing（AL）and passive landing（PL）.In addition,the aim was to understand the regulation mechanism of nerves-muscle skeletal system during landing.Methods：Twelve trained basketball male volunteers in physical education were required to complete three different attitudes（30cm、45cm、60cm）×two different landing models（AL PL）.The variables were measured including kinematic of lower extremity,impact characteristics,soft tissue acceleration signal and EMG signals.Results：At three different attitudes,AL showed significantly decrease the knee and hip joint angle（P〈0.05）,and significantly increase angle velocity（P〈0.05）during the instantaneous moment of touchdown and cushion phase compared with PL.The peak of impact force（P〈0.05）,maximum loading rate（P〈0.05）and impact frequency（P〈0.05）were significantly reduce during AL compared with PL at three different attitudes.AL showed significantly decrease the maximum amplitude of accelerate of quadriceps femoris（except 60cm）（P〈0.01）and hamstrings（P〈0.01）at three different attitudes compared with PL.At three different attitudes,AL showed significantly increase the tissue damping（P〈0.05）compared with PL.The parts of muscles showed significant increase the EMG amplitude（P〈0.05）during AL in per-activation,post-activation and cushion phase compared with PL.Conclusion：At the case of AL,the human being can adjustment the landing strategy of muscle-skeletal system,which mean effective decrease the tissue vibrate under the impact force.Eventually,the effective motor control were resulted in decrease the risk of sports injuries.On the counter,muscle-skeletal system were bear higher impact force and tissue vibrate,and improve the risk of sports injuries.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期59-66,共8页
China Sport Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(11302131)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20123156120003)
上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(14YZ125)
关键词
冲击力
软组织振动
肌肉活化
着地
impact
tissue vibration
muscular activation
landing
