摘要
目的 评价地震后用于评价人群一般心理健康与行为问题的评估工具（包括清单、问卷和量表）的有效性、安全性、适用性及经济性。方法 计算机检索Wan Fang Data、CNKI、VIP、Pub Med、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Ci Nii及心理、地震和灾害管理的相关网站,检索时间从建库至2014年7月,搜集震后1月内对人群一般心理健康与行为问题进行评估的研究。描述性分析各研究所用评估工具对震后人群心理健康与行为问题的阳性检出率、知情同意执行情况、有效问卷回收率及开展心理评估的费用等。结果 共纳入67篇文献,涉及4种一般心理健康与行为问题量表,依次为90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、心理健康自评问卷（SRQ-20）、中国身心健康量表（CPSHS-134）、一般健康问卷12项（GHQ-12）,其中SCL-90使用频率最高。45篇文献报道了对震后人群心理健康与行为问题的阳性检出率,SCL-90、GHQ-12和SRQ-20的总阳性检出率分别为8.6%~77.8%、65.6%~89.9%和65.6%~89.9%。27篇文献报告了开展心理调查前经过被评估者知情同意;20篇文献报告了量表的有效回收率,最高为99.56%（采用CPSHS-134量表）。没有研究报告开展心理评估的费用。结论 震后1月内用于评估人群一般健康与行为问题的量表主要为SCL-90、SRQ-20、CPSHS-134和GHQ-12,但各研究对量表使用有效性、安全性、适用性和经济性相关指标的报告不充分,报告形式和内容不规范。亟需制定针对地震灾后人群心理健康与行为问题评估的专用量表,以方便对地震后受灾人群的评估和筛检。
Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, applicability and economy of psychological assessment instruments including checklists, questionnaires and scales used in population exposed to earthquake. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, and CiNii databases, as well as special websites about earthquake and disaster management from inception to July 30^th, 2014 to collect studies related to psychological assessment of population exposed to earthquake in the first month after quake. A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the positive detection rate of psychological problems, rate of informed consent, and effective response rate in population exposed to earthquake, as well as the cost of psychological assessment. Results A total of 67 studies were included which involved 4 instruments including Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 （SRQ-20）, Chinese Psychosomatic Health Scale-134 （CPSHS-134） and 12-item General Health Questionnaire （GHQ-12）. SCL-90 was the most commonly used scale. Forty-five studies reported the positive detection rate of psychological problems in population exposed to earthquake. The positive detection rates by using SCL-90, GHQ- 12 and SRQ-20 were 8.6% to 77.8%, 65.6% to 89.9% and 65.6% to 89.9%, respectively. Informed consent was reported in 27 studies, and effective response rate was reported in 20 studies with the highest one 99.56% for CPSHS-134. No study reported the cost of psychological assessment. Conclusion SCL-90, RQ-20, CPSHS-134 and GHQ-12 are mainly used instruments for assessing psychological problems in population exposed to earthquake in the first month after quake. The reporting of important information related to effectiveness, safety, applicability and economy of psychological assessment instruments is insufficient and not standardized. A concise and authoritative psychological assessment instrument for population exposed to earthquake is warranted.
出处
《中国循证医学杂志》
CSCD
2016年第1期102-110,共9页
Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
基金
国家卫生和计划生育委员会科技教育司资助项目(编号:JH2014061)
关键词
地震
心理健康
评估工具
卫生技术评估
Earthquake
Psychological health
Instruments
Health technology assessment
