摘要
探讨传染病监测相关概念和大陆传染病监测新常态的特征、问题与展望。通过文件回顾结合实践历史分析,述评大陆传染病监测法律法规、监测理论与监测实践特征。自SARS危机事件以来,传染病监测法规体系健全,包括基本法(突发事件应对法)、单行法(传染病防治法、国境卫生检疫法等)、行政法规(突发公共卫生事件应急条例等)、行政规章(突发公共卫生事件与传染病疫情监测信息报告管理办法等)和预案等。疾病监测概念不断拓展,从基本的疾病监测概念发展到传染病预警、突发公共卫生事件监测、基于公共卫生风险评估的监测,并有明确的定义与释义。监测实践方面,有基于互联网的B/S构架的法定传染病监测系统、突发公共卫生事件监测系统、传染病预警系统、单病等专项监测系统等,较好地满足了我国各地传染病防控信息需求。分析与提出了我国新常态下传染病监测信息的特征:应具备全球化的信息、整合的信息、共享的信息、透明的信息、研判的信息、预警的信息等;监测重点任务是:在优化传统监测项目基础上,健全以事件管理为核心的相关监测,包括突发公共卫生事件相关信息监测、舆情监测、症候群监测、资源背景监测等,以及开展动态风险评估。
To discuss the concept of communicable disease surveillance,analyze the problems in communicable disease surveillance and outlook its future in the mainland of China. Retrospective analysis was conducted by using historical data of communicable surveillance in China. Since the SARS crisis in China,the laws and regulation on communicable disease surveillance has been revised and developed,including the lawof public health emergency response,the lawof communicable disease prevention and control,the lawof frontier health quarantine,the regulation of public health emergency response,the rule for public health emergency and communicable disease surveillance information reporting.In the area of communicable disease surveillance,newconcepts have been established and old concepts have been revised and improved, such as communicable disease early warning, public health emergency events surveillance and surveillances based on risk assessment. In the surveillance practice,the presence of notifiable communicable disease surveillance system,public health surveillance system,communicable disease early warning system and specific disease surveillance system could generally satisfy national disease prevention and control information need. In the newera,the communicable disease surveillance system in China should be a globalized,integrated and transparent one for sharing of information,decision making and early warning of disease epidemic. In recent years,great progress has been made in the theory and practice of communicable disease surveillance in China. The surveillance key tasks in the newera will be establishing and improving event based surveillance system,including public health emergency surveillance,public sentiment surveillance,syndrome complex surveillance,resource background surveillance on the basis of improving routine surveillance system,and the dynamic risk assessment mechanism.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2015年第12期994-1001,共8页
Disease Surveillance
基金
福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2003J01268)~~
关键词
传染病
疾病监测
预警
突发公共卫生事件
风险评估
Communicable disease
Surveillance
Early warning
Public health emergency
Risk assessment
