摘要
【目的】疏花疏果是梨树栽培管理中的重要措施,可以减少树体营养的浪费,克服梨树大小年现象,提高果实品质。【方法】对‘黄金’梨和‘丰水’梨两个品种的盛花期和幼果期分别采用石硫合剂、萘乙酸和乙烯利3种疏除剂进行喷布处理。【结果】在2个品种的盛花期喷布1.004g/mL石硫合剂对梨树的疏除效果好,坐果率分别达到7.47%和13.26%。在盛花期喷布15mg/L萘乙酸对梨树疏除效果好,疏除率达到86%左右,但在幼果期喷布效果不明显。在盛花期和幼果期喷布乙烯利对‘黄金’梨的疏除效果较好,喷布400mg/L和600mg/L较适宜,花朵坐果率分别达到5.37%和42.92%左右,与人工疏除率基本相同;在盛花期喷布500 mg/L乙烯利对‘丰水’梨的疏除效果较好,疏除率可达到86.36%,但在幼果期喷布疏除效果不明显。【结论】正确使用化学疏除剂对梨树疏花疏果具有重要作用,本试验对果品优质生产具有一定的指导意义。
【Objective】Flower and fruit thinning are the important measures in pear cultivation.It can reduce waste of nutrition,overcome the‘Big-Small years' phenomenon and improve the quality of pear fruit.【Methods】Lime sulphur,Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and Ethephon(ETH)were sprayed as thinning agents with different concentration on two pear varieties of‘Whangkeumbae'and‘Housui'at full-bloom and young fruit stage.【Results】The optimal treatment of Lime sulphur was 1.004mg/mL on both of pear varieties at full-bloom stage,and the setting fruit rates were 7.47 % and 13.26 %,respectively.The best treatment of NAA was 15 mg/L on both of pear varieties at the full-bloom stage,the rate of thinning was 86 %,while there is no obvious thinning effect of NAA at young fruit stage.The best thinning effect of ETH were 400mg/L and 600mg/L at full-bloom stage and young fruit stage in‘whangkeumbae',respectively.The thinning rates of ETH were 5.37%and42.92 % at 400mg/L and 600mg/L of concentration,similar to artificial thinning.The thinning effect of ETH with 500mg/L is better than other treatments at full-bloom stage in‘Housui'and the thinning rate was 86.36%,but there is no obviously thinning effect at young fruit stage.【Conclusion】Using chemical agents with optimal concentration is important to flowers and fruits thinning in pear trees.
出处
《北京农学院学报》
2017年第1期18-23,共6页
Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture
基金
"十二五"国家科技计划课题(2014BAD16B03-2)
关键词
石硫合剂
萘乙酸
乙烯利
梨树
疏花疏果
lime sulphur
naphthalene acetic acid
ethephon
pear tree
thinning on flowers and fruits
