摘要
目的掌握陕西省饮水型氟中毒改水工程运行情况及降氟效果,为饮水型氟中毒防治工作提供科学依据。方法于2014年对陕西省咸阳市某县14个饮水型氟中毒病区镇进行调查,每个镇随机抽查1处防氟改水工程覆盖的自然村,采用Deans法对该村8～12周岁所有在校儿童进行氟斑牙检查;随机抽取6个调查村采集接受氟斑牙检查的儿童尿样,按照WS/T 89-1996中的方法检测尿氟含量,依据WS/T 256-2005进行评价;每个改水村采集末梢水1份,按照GB/T 5750-2006中的氟化物离子选择电极法检测水氟含量,依据GB 5749-2006进行评价。结果共调查防氟改水工程14处,正常供水率100%（14/14）,覆盖率100%（20 302/20 302）;共采集14份防氟改水工程末梢水,其中水氟含量在1.2 mg/L以下的防氟改水工程占64.29%（9/14）,超过1.2 mg/L以上的防氟改水工程占35.71%（5/14）,高氟暴露人口占调查人口数的49.95%（10 141/20 302）;共检测儿童尿样622份,尿氟含量几何均值1.95 mg/L,超标率为70.42%（438/622）;共调查14个村8～12岁儿童1 145名,氟斑牙检出率为58.34%（688/1 145）。结论陕西省饮水型氟中毒防治措施虽已落实,但防氟改水工程水氟超标普遍,病情较为严重,防治任务还很艰巨。进一步寻找低氟水源,加大病区改水力度,加强病情监测、健康教育和改水工程的管理工作是防治饮水型氟中毒的关键。
[Objective]To know the operation status and reducing fluoride effect of water-improving project against drinking water type fluorosis in Shanxi Province, provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of drinking water type fluorosis.[Methods]14 towns in a county existing drinking water type fluorosis in Shanxi Province were enrolled in this study in 2014. One village with water-improving and defluoridation project was randomly selected from each town,and the dental fluorosis was examined among school children aged 8-12 years old in the villages by Deans method. The urine samples were randomly collected from children who received the dental fluorosis examination in 6 investigated villages,the urine fluoride content was detected according to WS/T 89-1996,and evaluated according to WS/T 256-2005. One sample of peripheral water were collected from each village with water-improving project,the water fluorine content was detected by the fluorine ion selective electrode according to GB/T 5750-2006,and evaluated according to GB 5749-2006. [Results]Totally 14 water-improving and defluoridation projects were investigated, and the normal water supply rate and coverage rate was 100%（14/14） and 100%（20 302/20 302）respectively. Totally 14 peripheral water samples of water-improving project were detected,the water-improving projects which the water fluorine content was lower than 1.2 mg/L accounted for 64.29%（9/14）,and the projects which the water fluorine content higher than 1.2 mg/L accounted for 35.71%（5/14）. The people exposed to high fluoride level accounted for 49.95%（10 141/20 302） of total investigated people. Totally 622 urine samples of children were detected,the geometric mean of the urine fluoride content was 1.95 mg/L,with the over standard rate of 70.42%（438/622）. A total of 1145 children aged 8-12 from 14 villages were detected,and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 58.34%（688/1 145）. [Conclusion]Despite the prevention measures against drinking water type fluorosis have implemented in Shanxi Province,the water fluorine contents in water-improving and defluoridation projects exceed the standard seriously,the epidemic situation of drinking water type fluorosis is severe,and the control and prevention work is still very difficult. It is very important to further look for the low fluorine water source,increase the intensity of water-improving project,and strengthen disease surveillance,health education and waterimproving project management,to prevent and control the drinking water type fluorosis.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第2期231-234,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
氟中毒
防氟改水
氟斑牙
Fluorosis
Water-improving and defluoridation
Dental fluorosis
