摘要
受西方传统公共物品理论的影响,中国学界关于公共事务概念的主流观点是共需说+行为说。与之不同的是,需求溢出理论把公共事务的逻辑起点前移至公共管理所要解决的个人需求上——认为溢出于其本人和私组织的个人人道需求和适度需求就是公共管理所应解决或处理的公共事务,即原初公共事务或价值性公共事务;同时,为解决原初公共事务所派生出来的公共管理主体自身的管理问题也是公共管理所应解决或处理的公共事务,即派生性公共事务或工具性公共事务。由此形成需求溢出理论的双层公共事务观:一层是原初公共事务或价值性公共事务,另一层是派生性公共事务或工具性公共事务。对于价值性公共事务而言,人道需求和适度需求之间的分界线、适度需求与不属于公共事务的奢侈需求之间的分界线,因时代、国家或民族而有所不同,其主要影响因素是公共资源的承载力和风俗文化所塑造的需求偏好。
Affected by the traditional public goods theory in western world,in China the academia's mainstream viewpoints of the concept of public affairs can be summarized as joint Demand theory and Behavior theory. Different from these mainstream views,Need Spillover Theory shifts the logic starting point to the individual needs that public administration aims to deal with. It contends that individual humanitarian needs and moderate needs that spill over individuals and private sectors are the public affairs that public administration should manage. Specifically,it is original public affairs or value public affairs. Meanwhile,the management issues deriving from solving original public affairs inside public organizations also belong to public affairs,which refers to derivative or instrumental public affairs. Therefore,there are dual layers in public affairs view of Need Spillover Theory: one layer is about original or value public affairs,and the other is derivative or instrumental public affairs. So far as value public affairs are concerned,the boundaries between humanism and moderate needs,moderate and luxurious needs,may change according to different eras,countries and nations. To speak of luxurious needs,they are not part of public affairs. The main factors include capacity of public resources and need preference of custom or culture.
出处
《政治学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期82-94,127,共13页
CASS Journal of Political Science
基金
中国人民大学“统筹支持一流大学和一流学科建设”的研究成果.
关键词
公共事务
需求溢出
公共物品
公共问题
公域
public affairs
need spillover
public goods
public problems
public sphere
