摘要
当前农户兼业的阶段性分化其本质是农户之间兼业进程的不统一,进而导致了严重的农村社会分化问题。本文利用江苏省苏北地区农户调研数据分析了当前农户兼业阶段性分化的现状及其带来的社会后果,利用似不相关双变量Probit模型分析了农户兼业阶段性分化的原因,得出了阻碍农户兼业发展的主要制约因素。结果显示,家庭人力资本稀缺是农户实现兼业生产的主要制约因素,农户无法进行非农工作主要是受到家庭人口规模小、老龄化严重的限制,这一部分农户家庭生活水平低,面临严重的"贫困陷阱"。政府直接干预土地流转使部分农户被动退出了农业生产,形式上实现了农户兼业进程的统一,但损害了农户的土地权益,造成农村土地产权不稳定,降低了农户自发性退农倾向,妨碍了土地市场的进一步发展,因此实质上对农户兼业进程起到了阻碍作用。此外,由于土地承包经营证书对承包经营权权能、地块四至等信息界定不清晰,对农户兼业进程的发展没有刺激作用。综合以上结论可知,土地产权以及农户家庭人力资本是导致当前农户阶段性分化的主要原因。政府不应对农村土地市场进行直接干预,而应通过完善农村社保体系、扶持农户非农就业、加快新一轮土地确权发证工作以促进土地市场与农户兼业进程的发展,在市场机制为主、政府调控为辅的环境下合理实现土地的集中与农业规模经营。
The periodical division of rural household concurrent business essentially reveals the differences between farmers in concurrent business process,which leads to serious rural social differentiation. In this paper,periodical division situation of rural household concurrent business and the social consequences will be discussed with data from the household survey in North Jiangsu.Simultaneously,we adopt seemingly unrelated bivariate Probit Model to analyze reasons of periodical division for household concurrent business,in order to conclude the major constraints of household concurrent business. Result shows that adequate labor force is essential for farmers to achieve concurrent business. Moreover,household with small family size and serious aging problem would have lower capability of engaging in non-agricultural work,so these households fail to have high living standards and face serious ‘poverty trap’. Direct intervention from government on farmland transfer could force some farmers to leave agricultural production. However,it reduces the spontaneous tendency of exiting agriculture at the same time,which will restrict the further development of land market. As a result,intervening directly will hinder the concurrent business process of farmers and motivates social division in the long term.What’s more,owing to ambiguous land property and plot range,land certification fails to promote the process of household concurrent business. From all above,we can conclude that land property and farmer households’ human capital are two major reasons for periodical division of rural household concurrent business currently. What government should adopt includes improving the rural social security system,assisting farmers in non-agricultural employment,and accelerating the confirming of new land property and land certificates in order to promote land market development and farmers ’ concurrent business process,rather than intervene directly on rural land market. Finally,land centralization and agricultural scale management need to be conducted reasonably in the situation of‘government instructs,market acts’.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期102-110,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"政府主导下农地流转对农户收入不平等影响研究:作用机制与政策调控"(编号:71373128)
教育部博士点基金项目"政府主导下农地流转对农户收入分化影响研究:作用机制与政策调控"(编号:20130097110037)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大项目"我国土地出让制度改革及收益共享机制研究"(编号:13JZDH014)
关键词
农户兼业
阶段性分化
家庭人力资本
政府干预
土地流转
rural household concurrent business
periodical division
household human capital
government intervention on farmland transfer
