摘要
为探求渭北苹果主产区果实品质的演变过程和稳定性,分别以洛川、白水县两个富士苹果主产地的果树树龄为0~10、11~15、16~20、21~25 a、大于25 a所结的苹果果实为研究对象,分别对收获期富士苹果单果的质量、体积、质量与体积比、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、钙质量分数7项指标进行测定,并运用综合指标法对不同树龄果树所结苹果的品质进行综合分析和归纳。结果表明：随树龄增加,苹果单果质量和体积呈明显增加的趋势,进入果树盛果期（16 a）后基本稳定;果实质量与体积比随树龄增加未有显著变化;果实硬度随树龄增加呈缓慢下降的趋势,但不同树龄间果实硬度差异不显著;不同树龄果实的可溶性固形物含量呈波动性变化;可滴定酸含量随树龄呈先增加后降低的趋势;果实中钙质量分数随树龄增加呈＂V＂字型变化。果实品质综合评价为树龄小于16 a时处于提升过程,大于25 a则明显下降。由此可以得出,渭北苹果优生区的苹果品质并不稳定,＂相对稳定的优果期＂仅为树龄在16~25 a的10 a时间里,期间富士苹果的综合品质最佳,树龄大于25 a的苹果品质退化明显。
To investigate the evolution process and stability of fruit quality of apple trees in major growing areas to the north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi province, mature fruits of Fuji apple trees at different ages（0-10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25, and 25 years old） at orchards located in two major growing counties, Luochuan and Baishui, were analyzed for single fruit weight, volume, density, hardness, soluble solids, titratable acids and calcium content, and comprehensive quality evaluation of apples was carried out based on these seven quality indicators. The results demonstrated that single fruit weight and volume markedly increased with increasing tree age. When the trees entered the peak fruit period（16 years old）, they remained basically stable. Fruit density showed no signifi cant difference with tree age. Fruit hardness slowly declined with the increase of tree age. But the differences in the fruit hardness of apple trees of different ages did not reach the signifi cance level. Soluble solid contents in the fruits of trees of different ages showed fl uctuation, and titratable acids fi rst increased and then decreased with increasing tree age. Changes in calcium content presented a V-shaped trend with the extension of tree age. Comprehensive evaluation showed the fruit quality exhibited an ascending trend with tree age up to 16 years and signifi cantly declined when the tree was over 25 years old. According to the above analysis, the fruit quality of apple trees from the best growing areas to the north of the Weihe River was unstable. The relatively stable fruiting period for the best fruit quality was confi ned to trees ranging in age from 16 to 25 years old. The fruit quality was deteriorated signifi cantly in trees aged over 25 years old.
出处
《食品科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期49-54,共6页
Food Science
基金
农业部苹果园沼肥应用技术研究与示范项目(K312021012)
陕西省2013年省级农业专项资金项目(K332021312)
关键词
树龄
富士苹果
品质分析
综合指标
渭北地区
tree age
Fuji apple
quality analysis
comprehensive evaluation indicators
regions to the north of the Weihe River
